Abstract
Aflatoxins are a group of secondary metabolites produced by certain toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus on various food and feed commodities. These group of mycotoxins are highly oxygenated heterocyclic compounds. Aflatoxins occupy the most important position among mycotoxins in view of their potent carcinogenic nature and high frequency of occurrence under natural conditions. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is consumed by millions of people all over the world in different forms. Thus, any form of contamination may prove to be deleterious to health. Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus were reported to contaminate cereal grains with their toxic secondary metabolites, the Aflatoxins. Seventeen varieties of paddy seeds were infested with a highly toxigenic strain of Aspergillus flavus under laboratory conditions. None of the varieties was totally resistant to aflatoxin production but they facilitated aflatoxin production at varying levels. Four rice varieties viz. Turanta IET- 7991, Vaidehi, Dhanlaxmi and Mansuri produced aflatoxin B1 in very low amount i. e. 51.35, 65.52, 62.53 and 67.25µg/Kg and may be considered as highly resistant varieties. Shakuntala IET-11183, Gautam IET- 13439, Birsa Dhan- 202, Sita, Kanak, Jaishree, Pusa 2- 21 produced aglatoxin B1 in the range of 115.45 to 173µg/Kg after infestation with Aspergillus flavus and therefore, may be regarded as moderately resistant varieties. Pusa- 33, Basmati- 370, Katarni, Sugandha, BR- 9 and Kamini produced relatively high aflatoxin B1 after A. flavus infestation in the range of 218.25 to 370µg/Kg and may be considered as susceptible varieties. The kernel of different paddy varieties contained different concentration of amylase (in the range of 121mg/g to 168mg/g) after infestation with A. flavus. Obviously amylopectin content of total starch of different kernel varieties showed negative correlation with amylose content. In contrast to amylose content, the amylopectine level was found to be the highest, 571.8mg/g and 570.3mg/g in respectively in BR- 9 and Kamini variety and the lowest (438.4 mg/g) in the Gautam IET- 13439 variety. Significant reduction in protein content was observed during fungal infestation, the maximum being in Turanta IET- 7991 (17.39%) and Vaidehi- 625 (17.74%). After infestation with A. flavus all the paddy varieties showed an increase in total sugar content. Analysis of protein contents in the kernels shows that higher levels of protein in kernels somewhat inhibit the production of aflatoxin B1. Thus, the varieties containing higher amount of proteins were found to resist the production of aflatoxinB1 production. Significant reduction in protein content was observed in those varieties that facilitated higher amount of aflatoxin B1. Correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to be -0.59, which shows moderate negative correlation between the amount of protein and levels of aflatoxin production. Analysis of sugar contents shows that higher levels of both reducing and non- reducing sugar have an inhibitory effect on the production of aflatoxin B1 production. Correlation coefficient between sugar levels and aflatoxin B1 production was calculated to be -97, which shows almost perfect negative correlation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by-nc-sa. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
No paddy variety was entirely resistant to aflatoxin production.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativae1 - Outcome
- aflatoxin productione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“None of the varieties was totally resistant to aflatoxin production but they facilitated aflatoxin production at varying levels.”
e1“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Four rice varieties accumulated very low aflatoxin B1 and were considered highly resistant.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- aflatoxin B1e0
- Direction
- very lowe0
- Value
- 51.35, 65.52, 62.53 and 67.25µg/Kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Four rice varieties viz. Turanta IET- 7991, Vaidehi, Dhanlaxmi and Mansuri produced aflatoxin B1 in very low amount i. e. 51.35, 65.52, 62.53 and 67.25µg/Kg and may be considered as highly resistant varieties.”
e1“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Seven rice varieties were classified as moderately resistant after fungal infestation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus flavuse0pathogen - Outcome
- aglatoxin B1e0
- Value
- 115.45 to 173µg/Kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shakuntala IET-11183, Gautam IET- 13439, Birsa Dhan- 202, Sita, Kanak, Jaishree, Pusa 2- 21 produced aglatoxin B1 in the range of 115.45 to 173µg/Kg after infestation with Aspergillus flavus and therefore, may be regarded as moderately resistant varieties.”
e1“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Six rice varieties accumulated relatively high aflatoxin B1 and were considered susceptible.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- aflatoxin B1e0
- Direction
- relatively highe0
- Value
- 218.25 to 370µg/Kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pusa- 33, Basmati- 370, Katarni, Sugandha, BR- 9 and Kamini produced relatively high aflatoxin B1 after A. flavus infestation in the range of 218.25 to 370µg/Kg and may be considered as susceptible varieties.”
e1“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel amylase concentrations differed among infested paddy varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- concentration of amylasee0
- Value
- 121mg/g to 168mg/ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The kernel of different paddy varieties contained different concentration of amylase (in the range of 121mg/g to 168mg/g) after infestation with A. flavus.”
e1“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylopectin content was negatively correlated with amylose content.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Compound
- amylosee0
- Outcome
- amylopectin contente0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“amylopectin content of total starch of different kernel varieties showed negative correlation with amylose content”
e1“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylopectin was highest in BR-9 and Kamini.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Outcome
- amylopectine levele0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 571.8mg/g and 570.3mg/ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the amylopectine level was found to be the highest, 571.8mg/g and 570.3mg/g in respectively in BR- 9 and Kamini variety”
e1“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Amylopectin was lowest in Gautam IET-13439.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Material
- Gautam IET- 13439e0
- Outcome
- amylopectine levele2
- Direction
- loweste0
- Value
- 438.4 mg/ge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the lowest (438.4 mg/g) in the Gautam IET- 13439 variety”
e1“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
e2“the amylopectine level was found to be the highest”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal infestation significantly reduced protein content, with the maximum reduction in two varieties.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- fungal infestatione0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- 17.39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Significant reduction in protein content was observed during fungal infestation, the maximum being in Turanta IET- 7991 (17.39%) and Vaidehi- 625 (17.74%).”
e1“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
All paddy varieties had increased total sugar after A. flavus infestation.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- infestation with A. flavuse0
- Interactor
- A. flavusAspergillus flavuse0pathogen
- Outcome
- total sugar contente0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“After infestation with A. flavus all the paddy varieties showed an increase in total sugar content.”
e1“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel protein content was moderately negatively correlated with aflatoxin production.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Compound
- proteine0
- Outcome
- levels of aflatoxin productione0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
- Value
- -0.59e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to be -0.59, which shows moderate negative correlation between the amount of protein and levels of aflatoxin production.”
e1“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Sugar levels were reported to correlate negatively with aflatoxin B1 production.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativae1
- Compound
- sugare0
- Outcome
- aflatoxin B1 productione0
- Direction
- negative correlatione0
- Value
- -97e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Correlation coefficient between sugar levels and aflatoxin B1 production was calculated to be -97, which shows almost perfect negative correlation.”
e1“Rice (Oryza sativa L.)”
The same questions in other papers
infection · quality: protein · Oryza sativa (rice)Results agree
4 papers in the same direction as this paper
- negative
- negative
- no effect
1 paper more in this group
See all 5 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.