Abstract
Abstract Elevated [CO 2 ] (e[CO 2 ]) environments have been predicted to improve rice yields under future climate. However, a concomitant rise in temperature could negate e[CO 2 ] impact on plants, presenting a serious challenge for crop improvement. High temperature (HT) stress tolerant NL-44 and high yielding basmati Pusa 1121 rice cultivars, were exposed to e[CO 2 ] (from panicle initiation to maturity) and a combination of e[CO 2 ] + HT (from heading to maturity) using field based open top chambers. Elevated [CO 2 ] significantly increased photosynthesis, seed-set, panicle weight and grain weight across both cultivars, more prominently with Pusa 1121. Conversely, e[CO 2 ] + HT during flowering and early grain filling significantly reduced seed-set and 1000 grain weight, respectively. Averaged across both the cultivars, grain yield was reduced by 18 to 29%. Despite highly positive response with e[CO 2 ], Pusa 1121 exposure to e[CO 2 ] + HT led to significant reduction in seed-set and sink starch metabolism enzymatic activity. Interestingly, NL-44 maintained higher seed-set and resilience with starch metabolism enzymes under e[CO 2 ] + HT exposure. Developing rice cultivars with higher [CO 2 ] responsiveness incorporated with increased tolerance to high temperatures during flowering and grain filling using donors such as NL-44, will minimize the negative impact of heat stress and increase global food productivity, benefiting from [CO 2 ] rich environments.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased photosynthesis across both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Elevated [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO 2 ] significantly increased photosynthesis, seed-set, panicle weight and grain weight across both cultivars, more prominently with Pusa 1121.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased seed set across both rice cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- seed-sete0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO 2 ] significantly increased photosynthesis, seed-set, panicle weight and grain weight across both cultivars, more prominently with Pusa 1121.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 significantly increased panicle and grain weight across both cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Elevated [CO 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- panicle weight and grain weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated [CO 2 ] significantly increased photosynthesis, seed-set, panicle weight and grain weight across both cultivars, more prominently with Pusa 1121.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The elevated CO2 response was more prominent in Pusa 1121.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pusa 1121e0
- Outcome
- more prominentlye0
- Direction
- more prominentlye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more prominently with Pusa 1121.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and heat significantly reduced seed set during flowering.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Treatment
- e[CO 2 ] + HTe0
- Outcome
- seed-sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“e[CO 2 ] + HT during flowering and early grain filling significantly reduced seed-set and 1000 grain weight, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined elevated CO2 and heat significantly reduced thousand grain weight in early grain filling.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- early grain fillinge0
- Treatment
- e[CO 2 ] + HTe0
- Outcome
- 1000 grain weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“e[CO 2 ] + HT during flowering and early grain filling significantly reduced seed-set and 1000 grain weight, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield fell 18 to 29% across the two cultivars.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 18 to 29%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Averaged across both the cultivars, grain yield was reduced by 18 to 29%.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined CO2 and heat significantly reduced seed set in Pusa 1121.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pusa 1121e0
- Treatment
- e[CO 2 ] + HTe0
- Outcome
- seed-sete0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pusa 1121 exposure to e[CO 2 ] + HT led to significant reduction in seed-set and sink starch metabolism enzymatic activity.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined CO2 and heat significantly reduced sink starch metabolism enzyme activity in Pusa 1121.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- Pusa 1121e0
- Treatment
- e[CO 2 ] + HTe0
- Outcome
- sink starch metabolism enzymatic activitye0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pusa 1121 exposure to e[CO 2 ] + HT led to significant reduction in seed-set and sink starch metabolism enzymatic activity.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NL-44 maintained higher seed set under combined CO2 and heat.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NL-44 maintained higher seed-set and resilience with starch metabolism enzymes under e[CO 2 ] + HT exposure.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
NL-44 retained starch metabolism enzyme resilience under combined CO2 and heat.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- NL-44e0
- Treatment
- e[CO 2 ] + HTe0
- Outcome
- resilience with starch metabolism enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NL-44 maintained higher seed-set and resilience with starch metabolism enzymes under e[CO 2 ] + HT exposure.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors recommend combining CO2 responsiveness with heat tolerance using donors such as NL-44.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Material
- NL-44e0
- Outcome
- Developing rice cultivars with higher [CO 2 ] responsiveness incorporated with increased tolerance to high temperaturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Developing rice cultivars with higher [CO 2 ] responsiveness incorporated with increased tolerance to high temperatures during flowering and grain filling using donors such as NL-44, will minimize the negative impact of heat stress and increase global food productivity”
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