Abstract
Hybrid vigour may help overcome the negative effects of climate change in rice. A popular rice hybrid (IR75217H), a heat-tolerant check (N22), and a mega-variety (IR64) were tested for tolerance of seed-set and grain quality to high-temperature stress at anthesis at ambient and elevated [CO(2)]. Under an ambient air temperature of 29 °C (tissue temperature 28.3 °C), elevated [CO(2)] increased vegetative and reproductive growth, including seed yield in all three genotypes. Seed-set was reduced by high temperature in all three genotypes, with the hybrid and IR64 equally affected and twice as sensitive as the tolerant cultivar N22. No interaction occurred between temperature and [CO(2)] for seed-set. The hybrid had significantly more anthesed spikelets at all temperatures than IR64 and at 29 °C this resulted in a large yield advantage. At 35 °C (tissue temperature 32.9 °C) the hybrid had a higher seed yield than IR64 due to the higher spikelet number, but at 38 °C (tissue temperature 34-35 °C) there was no yield advantage. Grain gel consistency in the hybrid and IR64 was reduced by high temperatures only at elevated [CO(2)], while the percentage of broken grains increased from 10% at 29 °C to 35% at 38 °C in the hybrid. It is concluded that seed-set of hybrids is susceptible to short episodes of high temperature during anthesis, but that at intermediate tissue temperatures of 32.9 °C higher spikelet number (yield potential) of the hybrid can compensate to some extent. If the heat tolerance from N22 or other tolerant donors could be transferred into hybrids, yield could be maintained under the higher temperatures predicted with climate change.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated [CO2] increased vegetative and reproductive growth, including seed yield, in all three rice genotypes at ambient temperature of 29 °C.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- all three genotypese0
- Treatment
- elevated [CO(2)]e0
- Outcome
- vegetative and reproductive growth, including seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- ambient air temperature of 29 °Ce0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“Under an ambient air temperature of 29 °C (tissue temperature 28.3 °C), elevated [CO(2)] increased vegetative and reproductive growth, including seed yield in all three genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-set was reduced by high temperature in all three rice genotypes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- all three genotypese0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Seed-sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“Seed-set was reduced by high temperature in all three genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
The hybrid and IR64 were equally affected by high temperature in seed-set and twice as sensitive as the tolerant cultivar N22.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- the hybrid and IR64e0
- Treatment
- high temperaturee0
- Outcome
- Seed-sete0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- twice as sensitivee0
- Comparator
- the tolerant cultivar N22e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“Seed-set was reduced by high temperature in all three genotypes, with the hybrid and IR64 equally affected and twice as sensitive as the tolerant cultivar N22”
Claim · model-written summary
No interaction occurred between temperature and [CO2] for seed-set.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- temperature and [CO(2)]e0
- Outcome
- seed-sete0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“No interaction occurred between temperature and [CO(2)] for seed-set”
Claim · model-written summary
The hybrid had significantly more anthesed spikelets than IR64 at all temperatures.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- The hybride0
- Outcome
- anthesed spikeletse0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- IR64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“The hybrid had significantly more anthesed spikelets at all temperatures than IR64”
Claim · model-written summary
At 29 °C the higher spikelet number resulted in a large yield advantage of the hybrid.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- large yield advantagee0
- Qualifier
- at 29 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“at 29 °C this resulted in a large yield advantage”
Claim · model-written summary
At 35 °C the hybrid had a higher seed yield than IR64 due to the higher spikelet number.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- the hybride0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- At 35 °C (tissue temperature 32.9 °C)e0
- Comparator
- IR64e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“At 35 °C (tissue temperature 32.9 °C) the hybrid had a higher seed yield than IR64 due to the higher spikelet number”
Claim · model-written summary
At 38 °C the hybrid had no yield advantage.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- yield advantagee0
- Qualifier
- at 38 °C (tissue temperature 34-35 °C)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“but at 38 °C (tissue temperature 34-35 °C) there was no yield advantage”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain gel consistency in the hybrid and IR64 was reduced by high temperatures only at elevated [CO2].
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- the hybrid and IR64e0
- Treatment
- high temperaturese0
- Outcome
- Grain gel consistencye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- only at elevated [CO(2)]e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“Grain gel consistency in the hybrid and IR64 was reduced by high temperatures only at elevated [CO(2)]”
Claim · model-written summary
The percentage of broken grains in the hybrid increased from 10% at 29 °C to 35% at 38 °C.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- the hybride0
- Treatment
- 38 °Ce0
- Outcome
- percentage of broken grainse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- from 10% at 29 °C to 35% at 38 °Ce0
- Comparator
- 29 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“the percentage of broken grains increased from 10% at 29 °C to 35% at 38 °C in the hybrid”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed-set of hybrid rice is susceptible to short episodes of high temperature during anthesis.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- hybridse0
- Treatment
- short episodes of high temperature during anthesise0
- Outcome
- seed-sete0
- Direction
- susceptiblee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“seed-set of hybrids is susceptible to short episodes of high temperature during anthesis”
Claim · model-written summary
At intermediate tissue temperatures of 32.9 °C the higher spikelet number of the hybrid can compensate to some extent.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Material
- the hybride0
- Outcome
- higher spikelet number (yield potential)e0
- Qualifier
- intermediate tissue temperatures of 32.9 °Ce0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“at intermediate tissue temperatures of 32.9 °C higher spikelet number (yield potential) of the hybrid can compensate to some extent”
Claim · model-written summary
Transferring heat tolerance from N22 or other tolerant donors into hybrids could maintain yield under higher temperatures predicted with climate change.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- yield could be maintainede0
- Qualifier
- higher temperatures predicted with climate changee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Effect of elevated CO2 and high temperature on seed-set and grain quality of rice”
e0“If the heat tolerance from N22 or other tolerant donors could be transferred into hybrids, yield could be maintained under the higher temperatures predicted with climate change”
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