Abstract
The global atmospheric CO(2) concentration is currently (2012) 393.1 μmol mol(-1), an increase of approximately 42 % over pre-industrial levels. In order to understand the responses of metabolic enzymes to elevated CO(2) concentrations, an experiment was conducted using the Free Air CO(2) Enrichment (FACE )system. Two conventional japonica rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) grown in North China, Songjing 9 and Daohuaxiang 2, were used in this study. The activities of ADPG pyrophosphorylase, soluble and granule-bound starch synthases, and soluble and granule-bound starch branching enzymes were measured in rice grains, and the effects of elevated CO(2) on the amylose and protein contents of the grains were analyzed. The results showed that elevated CO(2) levels significantly increased the activity of ADPG pyrophosphorylase at day 8, 24, and 40 after flower, with maximum increases of 56.67 % for Songjing 9 and 21.31 % for Daohuaxiang 2. Similarly, the activities of starch synthesis enzymes increased significantly from the day 24 after flower to the day 40 after flower, with maximum increases of 36.81 % for Songjing 9 and 66.67 % for Daohuaxiang 2 in soluble starch synthase (SSS), and 25.00 % for Songjing 9 and 36.44 % for Daohuaxiang 2 in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), respectively. The elevated CO(2) concentration significantly increased the activity of soluble starch branching enzyme (SSBE) at day 16, 32, and 40 after flower, and also significantly increased the activity of granule-bound starch branching enzyme (GBSBE) at day 8, 32, and 40 after flower. The elevated CO(2) concentration increased the peak values of enzyme activity, and the timing of the activity peaks for SSS and GBSBE were earlier in Songjing 9 than in Daohuaxiang 2. There were obvious differences in developmental stages between the two varieties of rice, which indicated that the elevated CO(2) concentration increased enzyme activity expression and starch synthesis, affecting the final contents of starch and protein in the rice grains. Our results will provide a foundation for understanding the physiological mechanisms of rice yield under elevated atmospheric CO(2) concentrations.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity, maximally by 56.67% in Songjing 9.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=60)
Oryza sativa Japonica Groupe0 - Material
- Songjing 9e1
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2)e1
- Gene
- ADPG pyrophosphorylasee1
- Outcome
- activity of ADPG pyrophosphorylasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 56.67 %e1
- Qualifier
- day 8, 24, and 40 after flowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_by_Augustus_Binu.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)”
e1“elevated CO(2) levels significantly increased the activity of ADPG pyrophosphorylase at day 8, 24, and 40 after flower, with maximum increases of 56.67 % for Songjing 9 and 21.31 % for Daohuaxiang 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity, maximally by 21.31% in Daohuaxiang 2.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonicaOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Material
- Daohuaxiang 2e1
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2)e1
- Gene
- ADPG pyrophosphorylasee1
- Outcome
- activity of ADPG pyrophosphorylasee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 21.31 %e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)”
e1“elevated CO(2) levels significantly increased the activity of ADPG pyrophosphorylase at day 8, 24, and 40 after flower, with maximum increases of 56.67 % for Songjing 9 and 21.31 % for Daohuaxiang 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased soluble starch synthase activity, maximally by 36.81% in Songjing 9.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonicaOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Material
- Songjing 9e1
- Gene
- soluble starch synthasee1
- Outcome
- activities of starch synthesis enzymese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 36.81 %e1
Not reportedTreatmentComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)”
e1“activities of starch synthesis enzymes increased significantly from the day 24 after flower to the day 40 after flower, with maximum increases of 36.81 % for Songjing 9 and 66.67 % for Daohuaxiang 2 in soluble starch synthase (SSS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased soluble starch synthase activity, maximally by 66.67% in Daohuaxiang 2.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonicaOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Material
- Daohuaxiang 2e1
- Gene
- soluble starch synthasee1
- Outcome
- activities of starch synthesis enzymese1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 66.67 %e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)”
e1“activities of starch synthesis enzymes increased significantly from the day 24 after flower to the day 40 after flower, with maximum increases of 36.81 % for Songjing 9 and 66.67 % for Daohuaxiang 2 in soluble starch synthase (SSS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased granule-bound starch synthase activity, maximally by 25.00% in Songjing 9.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonicaOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Material
- Songjing 9e1
- Gene
- granule-bound starch synthasee1
- Outcome
- granule-bound starch synthasee1
- Value
- 25.00 %e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)”
e1“25.00 % for Songjing 9 and 36.44 % for Daohuaxiang 2 in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased granule-bound starch synthase activity, maximally by 36.44% in Daohuaxiang 2.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonicaOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Material
- Daohuaxiang 2e1
- Gene
- granule-bound starch synthasee1
- Outcome
- granule-bound starch synthasee1
- Value
- 36.44 %e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)”
e1“25.00 % for Songjing 9 and 36.44 % for Daohuaxiang 2 in granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased soluble starch branching enzyme activity on days 16, 32 and 40 after flowering.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonicaOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2) concentratione1
- Gene
- soluble starch branching enzymee1
- Outcome
- activity of soluble starch branching enzymee1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- day 16, 32, and 40 after flowere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)”
e1“elevated CO(2) concentration significantly increased the activity of soluble starch branching enzyme (SSBE) at day 16, 32, and 40 after flower”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased peak enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonicaOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Outcome
- peak values of enzyme activitye1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)”
e1“elevated CO(2) concentration increased the peak values of enzyme activity”
Claim · model-written summary
SSS activity peaked earlier in Songjing 9 than in Daohuaxiang 2.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonicaOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Material
- Songjing 9e1
- Gene
- SSSe1
- Outcome
- timing of the activity peaks for SSSe1
- Direction
- earliere1
- Comparator
- Daohuaxiang 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)”
e1“timing of the activity peaks for SSS and GBSBE were earlier in Songjing 9 than in Daohuaxiang 2”
Claim · model-written summary
GBSBE activity peaked earlier in Songjing 9 than in Daohuaxiang 2.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonicaOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Material
- Songjing 9e1
- Gene
- GBSBEe1
- Outcome
- timing of the activity peaks for SSS and GBSBEe1
- Direction
- earliere1
- Comparator
- Daohuaxiang 2e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)”
e1“timing of the activity peaks for SSS and GBSBE were earlier in Songjing 9 than in Daohuaxiang 2”
Claim · model-written summary
The two rice varieties differed in developmental stages under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonicaOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Outcome
- differences in developmental stagese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)”
e1“obvious differences in developmental stages between the two varieties of rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that elevated CO2 increased starch synthesis.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonicaOryza sativa Japonica Groupe0
- Treatment
- elevated CO(2) concentratione1
- Outcome
- starch synthesise1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice varieties (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica)”
e1“elevated CO(2) concentration increased enzyme activity expression and starch synthesis, affecting the final contents of starch and protein in the rice grains”
The same questions in other papers
co2 · physiology: enzyme activity · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
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See all 12 papers →co2 · molecular: metabolites · Oryza sativa (rice)Results differ
22 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
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39 papers more in this group
See all 43 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.