Abstract
The efficiency of plant resistance inducers (PRIs) i.e. chitosan (CH), salicylic acid (SA) and humic acid (HA) in controlling Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani the causal agents of root rot diseases under in vitro and on growth and yield of green bean cv. Giza 3 were evaluated. In vitro treatments of CH 1.0 g/l, CH 1.0 g/l + HA 5.0% and CH 0.5 g/l + SA 2.5%, as sterilized PDA medium addition, caused the highest reduction in mycelia growth and spore germination of F. solani and R. solani on incubated plates compared to control plates (medium free of inducers). Under greenhouse conditions, combined treatments of PRIs were superior than single treatments, while, CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5% or HA 5.0% treatments were more effective than single treatments in controlling of Rhizoctonia root rot. These treatments caused disease reduction reached to 70.4 and 67.4% of pre-emergence stage after 10 days of seed sowing, and 62.8 and 60.4% of post-emergence stage after 40 days of seed sowing. Meanwhile, the highest values of survival plants 79.4 and 77.8% were recorded with the same treatments. Under field conditions, the obtained results indicated that soaking bean seeds in CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5% followed by foliar application with half of this concentrations CH 0.5 g/l + SA 2.5%, (for 3 times in 7 days interval starting from the second true leaf stage), resulted in the higher percentages of reduction of damping-off and root rot incidence 68.2, 63.8, 70.0% and 67.4, 63.3, 69.6% after 10, 40 and 60 days during both seasons, respectively, compared with other treatments. Furthermore, such treatment was superior than commercial fungicide seed treatment in controlling of green bean root rot, where, fungicide treatment reduced damping-off and root rot incidence after 10, 40 and 60 days up to 64.6, 60.4, 64.0% and 64.0, 59.6, 63.4% during both seasons. Combined treatments of PRIs and commercial fungicide treatment resulted in increasing of vegetative growth characters, yield and quality of green bean pods compared to other treatments during two successive seasons. It could be suggested that using plant resistance inducers in comparison with fungicides, might be considered as an eco-friendly, safe, cheap and easily applied method for controlling such soil-borne plant pathogens considering the avoidance of environmental pollution and the side effects of fungicides application.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Three chitosan-based treatments gave the highest reduction of Fusarium and Rhizoctonia mycelial growth and spore germination in vitro.
- Taxon
- green beant0
- Interactor
- F. solani and R. solani
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium solani
Rhizoctonia solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelia growth and spore germinatione0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_Sacc._5393379.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In vitro treatments of CH 1.0 g/l, CH 1.0 g/l + HA 5.0% and CH 0.5 g/l + SA 2.5%, as sterilized PDA medium addition, caused the highest reduction in mycelia growth and spore germination of F. solani and R. solani on incubated plates compared to control plates (medium free of inducers).”
t0“green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined resistance inducer treatments were superior to single treatments under greenhouse conditions.
Verbatim
e0“Under greenhouse conditions, combined treatments of PRIs were superior than single treatments”
t0“green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CH plus SA was more effective than single treatments against Rhizoctonia root rot in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- green beant0
- Treatment
- CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5%e0
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia
.jpg?width=60)
Rhizoctoniae0pathogen - Outcome
- Rhizoctonia root rote0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- single treatmentse0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5% or HA 5.0% treatments were more effective than single treatments in controlling of Rhizoctonia root rot”
e1“Under greenhouse conditions”
t0“green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CH plus HA was more effective than single treatments against Rhizoctonia root rot in the greenhouse.
- Taxon
- green beant0
- Treatment
- HA 5.0%e0
- Interactor
- RhizoctoniaRhizoctoniae0pathogen
- Outcome
- Rhizoctonia root rote0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- single treatmentse0
- Setting
- greenhouse conditionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5% or HA 5.0% treatments were more effective than single treatments in controlling of Rhizoctonia root rot”
e1“Under greenhouse conditions”
t0“green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CH plus SA reduced pre-emergence disease by 70.4% after 10 days.
- Taxon
- green beant0
- Organ / stage
- pre-emergence stagee1
- Treatment
- CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5%e0
- Outcome
- disease reductione1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 70.4e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5% or HA 5.0% treatments”
e1“These treatments caused disease reduction reached to 70.4 and 67.4% of pre-emergence stage after 10 days of seed sowing”
t0“green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CH plus HA reduced pre-emergence disease by 67.4% after 10 days.
- Taxon
- green beant0
- Organ / stage
- pre-emergence stagee1
- Treatment
- HA 5.0%e0
- Outcome
- disease reductione1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Value
- 67.4%e1
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5% or HA 5.0% treatments”
e1“These treatments caused disease reduction reached to 70.4 and 67.4% of pre-emergence stage after 10 days of seed sowing”
t0“green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CH plus SA reduced post-emergence disease by 62.8% after 40 days.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5% or HA 5.0% treatments”
e1“62.8 and 60.4% of post-emergence stage after 40 days of seed sowing”
t0“green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CH plus HA reduced post-emergence disease by 60.4% after 40 days.
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
e0“CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5% or HA 5.0% treatments”
e1“62.8 and 60.4% of post-emergence stage after 40 days of seed sowing”
t0“green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CH plus SA gave 79.4% surviving plants.
Verbatim
e0“the highest values of survival plants 79.4 and 77.8% were recorded with the same treatments”
e1“CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5% or HA 5.0% treatments”
t0“green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
CH plus HA gave 77.8% surviving plants.
Verbatim
e0“the highest values of survival plants 79.4 and 77.8% were recorded with the same treatments”
e1“CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5% or HA 5.0% treatments”
t0“green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
Field seed soak and foliar CH plus SA treatment reduced damping-off and root rot more than other treatments at three times across two seasons.
Verbatim
e0“soaking bean seeds in CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5% followed by foliar application with half of this concentrations CH 0.5 g/l + SA 2.5%, (for 3 times in 7 days interval starting from the second true leaf stage), resulted in the higher percentages of reduction of damping-off and root rot incidence 68.2, 63.8, 70.0% and 67.4, 63.3, 69.6% after 10, 40 and 60 days during both seasons, respectively, compared with other treatments.”
e1“Under field conditions”
t0“green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)”
Claim · model-written summary
The CH plus SA field treatment was superior to commercial fungicide seed treatment for root rot control.
Verbatim
e0“such treatment was superior than commercial fungicide seed treatment in controlling of green bean root rot”
e1“soaking bean seeds in CH 1.0 g/l + SA 5% followed by foliar application with half of this concentrations CH 0.5 g/l + SA 2.5%”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined resistance inducer and fungicide treatments increased green bean vegetative growth, yield and pod quality versus other treatments.
Verbatim
e0“Combined treatments of PRIs and commercial fungicide treatment resulted in increasing of vegetative growth characters, yield and quality of green bean pods compared to other treatments during two successive seasons.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest plant resistance inducers as an eco-friendly method for controlling soil-borne green bean pathogens.
Verbatim
e0“using plant resistance inducers in comparison with fungicides, might be considered as an eco-friendly, safe, cheap and easily applied method for controlling such soil-borne plant pathogens”
The same questions in other papers
chitosan · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
fungicide · quality: general · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
application · disease · Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean)Positive and negative results
26 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
- negative
31 papers more in this group
See all 35 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.