Abstract
Twenty eight isolates of fungi and 175 isolates of bacteria had been isolated from plant tissues of cabbage, marigold, and onion by means of dilution method. Among these microorganisms, three isolates of Bacillus spp. had been proven to be antagonistic to Alternaria solani according to the size of clear zone on dual culture and the phenomenon of complete inhibition in concomitant culture. They were Bacillus megaterium MBS4, Bacillus brevis OBSll. and Bacillus subtilis var. globigii CBS 10. The broth of either tested plant tissues had no effect on inhibition of germination of A. solani. The cell-free metabolites produced from these three antagonists were significantly (P-0.05) reduced the conidial germination of A. solani. Isolates of antagonistic Bacillus spp. cultured in onion broth reduced germination ability of A. solani and caused conidia malformation. i.e.. germ tube shorter. swollen, and conidia shrunken. In greenhouse and field trials, spraying antagonists cultured in onion broth significantly (P-0.05) reduced the disease severity of tomato early blight. Based on various tests in vitro for screening fungicides, the fungicidal effect of flusilazol was the best among five tested fungicides. Either in greenhouse or field trials. 200 ppm flusilazol could significantly (P=0.05) reduce the disease severity of tomato early blight.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Three Bacillus isolates antagonized Alternaria solani in culture.
- Taxon
- Tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Interactor
- Alternaria solani
Alternaria solanie0pathogen - Outcome
- antagonistic to Alternaria solanie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“three isolates of Bacillus spp. had been proven to be antagonistic to Alternaria solani according to the size of clear zone on dual culture and the phenomenon of complete inhibition in concomitant culture”
t0“Tomato Early Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Broth from the tested plant tissues did not inhibit Alternaria solani germination.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- broth of either tested plant tissuese0
- Interactor
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- germination of A. solanie0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The broth of either tested plant tissues had no effect on inhibition of germination of A. solani.”
t0“Tomato Early Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell-free metabolites from the three antagonists reduced Alternaria solani conidial germination.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- cell-free metabolites produced from these three antagonistse0
- Interactor
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie0pathogen
- Outcome
- conidial germination of A. solanie0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cell-free metabolites produced from these three antagonists were significantly (P-0.05) reduced the conidial germination of A. solani.”
t0“Tomato Early Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion-broth cultured Bacillus antagonists reduced Alternaria solani germination.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Isolates of antagonistic Bacillus spp. cultured in onion brothe0
- Interactor
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus spp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- germination ability of A. solanie0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates of antagonistic Bacillus spp. cultured in onion broth reduced germination ability of A. solani”
t0“Tomato Early Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion-broth cultured Bacillus antagonists caused Alternaria solani conidial malformation.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Isolates of antagonistic Bacillus spp. cultured in onion brothe0
- Interactor
- A. solaniAlternaria solanie0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus spp.e0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- conidia malformatione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Isolates of antagonistic Bacillus spp. cultured in onion broth reduced germination ability of A. solani and caused conidia malformation. i.e.. germ tube shorter. swollen, and conidia shrunken.”
t0“Tomato Early Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Sprayed antagonists cultured in onion broth reduced tomato early blight severity in greenhouse and field trials.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- spraying antagonists cultured in onion brothe0
- Outcome
- disease severity of tomato early blighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Setting
- greenhouse and field trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In greenhouse and field trials, spraying antagonists cultured in onion broth significantly (P-0.05) reduced the disease severity of tomato early blight.”
t0“Tomato Early Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Flusilazol had the best fungicidal effect among five fungicides in vitro.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- flusilazole0
- Outcome
- fungicidal effecte0
- Direction
- beste0
- Comparator
- five tested fungicidese0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Based on various tests in vitro for screening fungicides, the fungicidal effect of flusilazol was the best among five tested fungicides.”
t0“Tomato Early Blight”
Claim · model-written summary
Flusilazol at 200 ppm reduced tomato early blight severity in greenhouse and field trials.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- 200 ppm flusilazole0
- Outcome
- disease severity of tomato early blighte0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Setting
- greenhouse or field trialse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Either in greenhouse or field trials. 200 ppm flusilazol could significantly (P=0.05) reduce the disease severity of tomato early blight.”
t0“Tomato Early Blight”
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