Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens is one of the most destructive insect pests on rice (Oryza sativa) in Asia. After landing on plants, BPH rapidly accesses plant phloem and sucks the phloem sap through unknown mechanisms. We discovered a salivary endo-β-1,4-glucanase (NlEG1) that has endoglucanase activity with a maximal activity at pH 6 at 37°C and is secreted into rice plants by BPH. NlEG1 is highly expressed in the salivary glands and midgut. Silencing NlEG1 decreases the capacity of BPH to reach the phloem and reduces its food intake, mass, survival, and fecundity on rice plants. By contrast, NlEG1 silencing had only a small effect on the survival rate of BPH raised on artificial diet. Moreover, NlEG1 secreted by BPH did not elicit the production of the defense-related signal molecules salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and jasmonoyl-isoleucine in rice, although wounding plus the application of the recombination protein NlEG1 did slightly enhance the levels of jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine in plants compared with the corresponding controls. These data suggest that NlEG1 enables the BPH’s stylet to reach the phloem by degrading celluloses in plant cell walls, thereby functioning as an effector that overcomes the plant cell wall defense in rice.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
NlEG1 has endoglucanase activity with maximal activity at pH 6 at 37°C.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Interactor
- BPHe1pest
- Gene
- NlEG1e1
- Outcome
- endoglucanase activitye1
- Value
- pH 6 at 37°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice”
e1“We discovered a salivary endo-β-1,4-glucanase (NlEG1) that has endoglucanase activity with a maximal activity at pH 6 at 37°C and is secreted into rice plants by BPH”
Claim · model-written summary
NlEG1 is secreted into rice plants by the brown planthopper.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- BPHe1pest
- Gene
- NlEG1e1
- Outcome
- secreted into rice plantse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice”
e1“We discovered a salivary endo-β-1,4-glucanase (NlEG1) that has endoglucanase activity with a maximal activity at pH 6 at 37°C and is secreted into rice plants by BPH”
Claim · model-written summary
NlEG1 is highly expressed in the salivary glands and midgut of the brown planthopper.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- salivary glands and midgute2
- Gene
- NlEG1e2
- Outcome
- highly expressede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice”
e2“NlEG1 is highly expressed in the salivary glands and midgut”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NlEG1 decreases the capacity of the brown planthopper to reach the phloem of rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Silencing NlEG1e3
- Interactor
- BPHe3pest
- Gene
- NlEG1e3
- Outcome
- capacity of BPH to reach the phloeme3
- Direction
- decreasese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice”
e3“Silencing NlEG1 decreases the capacity of BPH to reach the phloem and reduces its food intake, mass, survival, and fecundity on rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NlEG1 reduces food intake of the brown planthopper on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Silencing NlEG1e3
- Interactor
- BPHe3pest
- Gene
- NlEG1e3
- Outcome
- food intakee3
- Direction
- reducese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice”
e3“Silencing NlEG1 decreases the capacity of BPH to reach the phloem and reduces its food intake, mass, survival, and fecundity on rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing NlEG1 reduces mass, survival and fecundity of the brown planthopper on rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Silencing NlEG1e3
- Interactor
- BPHe3pest
- Gene
- NlEG1e3
- Outcome
- mass, survival, and fecunditye3
- Direction
- reducese3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice”
e3“Silencing NlEG1 decreases the capacity of BPH to reach the phloem and reduces its food intake, mass, survival, and fecundity on rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NlEG1 silencing had only a small effect on survival of the brown planthopper raised on artificial diet.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NlEG1 silencinge4
- Interactor
- BPHe4pest
- Outcome
- survival ratee4
- Setting
- artificial diete4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice”
e4“By contrast, NlEG1 silencing had only a small effect on the survival rate of BPH raised on artificial diet”
Claim · model-written summary
NlEG1 secreted by the brown planthopper did not elicit production of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine in rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NlEG1 secreted by BPHe5
- Interactor
- BPHe5pest
- Outcome
- production of the defense-related signal molecules salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and jasmonoyl-isoleucinee5
- Direction
- did not elicite5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice”
e5“NlEG1 secreted by BPH did not elicit the production of the defense-related signal molecules salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and jasmonoyl-isoleucine in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Wounding plus applied recombinant NlEG1 slightly enhanced jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine levels in rice compared with controls.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- wounding plus the application of the recombination protein NlEG1e6
- Gene
- NlEG1e6
- Outcome
- levels of jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucinee6
- Direction
- enhancee6
- Comparator
- the corresponding controlse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice”
e6“although wounding plus the application of the recombination protein NlEG1 did slightly enhance the levels of jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine in plants compared with the corresponding controls”
Claim · model-written summary
NlEG1 is suggested to enable the brown planthopper stylet to reach the phloem by degrading plant cell wall celluloses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Interactor
- BPHe7pest
- Gene
- NlEG1e7
- Outcome
- the BPH’s stylet to reach the phloeme7
- Qualifier
- by degrading celluloses in plant cell wallse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“A Salivary Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase Acts as an Effector That Enables the Brown Planthopper to Feed on Rice”
e7“These data suggest that NlEG1 enables the BPH’s stylet to reach the phloem by degrading celluloses in plant cell walls, thereby functioning as an effector that overcomes the plant cell wall defense in rice”
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