Abstract
The Arabidopsis NPR1/NIM1 gene is a key regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Over-expression of NPR1 leads to enhanced resistance in Arabidopsis. To investigate the role of NPR1 in monocots, we over-expressed the Arabidopsis NPR1 in rice and challenged the transgenic plants with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the rice bacterial blight pathogen. The transgenic plants displayed enhanced resistance to Xoo. RNA blot hybridization indicates that enhanced resistance requires expression of NPR1 mRNA above a threshold level in rice. To identify components mediating the resistance controlled by NPR1, we used NPR1 as bait in a yeast two-hybrid screen. We isolated four cDNA clones encoding rice NPR1 interactors (named rTGA2.1, rTGA2.2, rTGA2.3 and rLG2) belonging to the bZIP family. rTGA2.1, rTGA2.2 and rTGA2.3 share 75, 76 and 78% identity with Arabidopsis TGA2, respectively. In contrast, rLG2 shares highest identity (81%) to the maize liguleless (LG2) gene product, which is involved in establishing the leaf blade-sheath boundary. The interaction of NPR1 with the rice bZIP proteins in yeast was impaired by the npr1-1 and npr1-2 mutations, but not by the nim1-4 mutation. The NPR1-rTGA2.1 interaction was confirmed by an in vitro pull-down experiment. In gel mobility shift assays, rTGA2.1 binds to the rice RCH10 promoter and to a cis-element required sequence-specifically for salicylic acid responsiveness. This is the first demonstration that the Arabidopsis NPR1 gene can enhance disease resistance in a monocot plant. These results also suggest that monocot and dicot plants share a conserved signal transduction pathway controlling NPR1-mediated resistance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
NPR1 overexpression enhanced rice resistance to Xoo.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- over-expressed the Arabidopsis NPR1e0
- Interactor
- Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaee0pathogen - Gene
- Arabidopsis NPR1e0
- Outcome
- resistance to Xooe0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“we over-expressed the Arabidopsis NPR1 in rice and challenged the transgenic plants with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the rice bacterial blight pathogen. The transgenic plants displayed enhanced resistance to Xoo.”
Claim · model-written summary
Enhanced resistance required NPR1 mRNA above a threshold.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- NPR1 mRNAe0
- Outcome
- enhanced resistancee0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Qualifier
- above a threshold levele0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“enhanced resistance requires expression of NPR1 mRNA above a threshold level in rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Four rice NPR1-interacting cDNA clones were isolated.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- rTGA2.1, rTGA2.2, rTGA2.3 and rLG2e0
- Outcome
- rice NPR1 interactorse0
- Value
- four cDNA clonese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We isolated four cDNA clones encoding rice NPR1 interactors (named rTGA2.1, rTGA2.2, rTGA2.3 and rLG2) belonging to the bZIP family.”
Claim · model-written summary
The three rice rTGA proteins shared 75, 76 and 78% identity with Arabidopsis TGA2 respectively.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- rTGA2.1, rTGA2.2 and rTGA2.3e0
- Outcome
- identity with Arabidopsis TGA2e0
- Value
- 75, 76 and 78%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rTGA2.1, rTGA2.2 and rTGA2.3 share 75, 76 and 78% identity with Arabidopsis TGA2, respectively.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
rLG2 had highest identity of 81% to maize LG2.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- rLG2e0
- Outcome
- identitye0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 81%e0
- Comparator
- maize liguleless (LG2) gene producte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rLG2 shares highest identity (81%) to the maize liguleless (LG2) gene product”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Two npr1 mutations impaired interactions with rice bZIP proteins.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- npr1-1 and npr1-2 mutationse0
- Outcome
- interaction of NPR1 with the rice bZIP proteinse0
- Direction
- impairede0
- Comparator
- nim1-4 mutatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of NPR1 with the rice bZIP proteins in yeast was impaired by the npr1-1 and npr1-2 mutations, but not by the nim1-4 mutation.”
Claim · model-written summary
The nim1-4 mutation did not impair the NPR1 interaction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- nim1-4 mutatione0
- Outcome
- interaction of NPR1 with the rice bZIP proteinse0
- Comparator
- npr1-1 and npr1-2 mutationse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The interaction of NPR1 with the rice bZIP proteins in yeast was impaired by the npr1-1 and npr1-2 mutations, but not by the nim1-4 mutation.”
Claim · model-written summary
An in vitro pull-down confirmed the NPR1-rTGA2.1 interaction.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- NPR1-rTGA2.1e0
- Outcome
- interaction was confirmede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The NPR1-rTGA2.1 interaction was confirmed by an in vitro pull-down experiment.”
t0“rice”
Claim · model-written summary
rTGA2.1 bound the rice RCH10 promoter and a salicylic acid responsive cis-element.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Gene
- rTGA2.1e0
- Outcome
- binds to the rice RCH10 promoter and to a cis-elemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rTGA2.1 binds to the rice RCH10 promoter and to a cis-element required sequence-specifically for salicylic acid responsiveness.”
Claim · model-written summary
The results suggest conserved NPR1 resistance signaling in monocots and dicots.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Gene
- NPR1e0
- Outcome
- conserved signal transduction pathway controlling NPR1-mediated resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“monocot and dicot plants share a conserved signal transduction pathway controlling NPR1-mediated resistance.”
t0“rice”
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