Abstract
New types of light-emitting diode (LED) sources were applied to irradiate Botrytis cinerea mycelium and tomato leaves that were inoculated with B. cinerea to assess the effect of different LED light wavelengths on the infection of tomato with B. cinerea, to determine the optimum light wavelengths to control B. cinerea, and to explore the mechanism of LED influence on the development of gray mold. The results showed that purple light and blue light irradiation significantly inhibited the growth of B. cinerea mycelium, and the inhibition rates were 22.3 and 15.16%, respectively, and purple light exhibited a better inhibitory effect than blue light. The lesion development of B. cinerea on tomato leaves was significantly inhibited upon irradiation with red and purple light with inhibition rates of 32.08 and 36.74%, respectively. Irradiation with red light inhibited the oxidative burst of superoxide anion (O2−) that was caused by infection with B. cinerea, and red light regulated the H2O2 content in the tomato leaf, which increased and rapidly returned to a lower level. In addition, red light irradiation improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in tomato leaves. However, purple light irradiation did not make tomato leaves exhibit this kind of physiological response. Therefore, red light and purple light can suppress gray mold in tomatoes, but the disease suppression mechanisms of these two types of LED light are different. In general, red light suppresses gray mold primarily by regulating the tomato defense mechanism for disease, whereas the suppression of tomato gray mold by purple light can be partially explained by the photo-inhibition of B. cinerea.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Purple light inhibited Botrytis mycelial growth by 22.3%.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- purple lighte0
- Interactor
- B. cinerea
Botrytis cinereae0pathogen - Outcome
- growth of B. cinerea myceliume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 22.3e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple light and blue light irradiation significantly inhibited the growth of B. cinerea mycelium, and the inhibition rates were 22.3 and 15.16%, respectively”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Blue light inhibited Botrytis mycelial growth by 15.16%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- blue light irradiatione0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of B. cinerea myceliume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 15.16%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple light and blue light irradiation significantly inhibited the growth of B. cinerea mycelium, and the inhibition rates were 22.3 and 15.16%, respectively”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple light inhibited Botrytis mycelium more than blue light.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- purple lighte0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae1pathogen
- Outcome
- B. cinerea myceliume1
- Direction
- better inhibitory effecte0
- Comparator
- blue lighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple light exhibited a better inhibitory effect than blue light”
e1“B. cinerea mycelium”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light inhibited Botrytis lesion development on tomato leaves by 32.08%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- rede0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion development of B. cinereae0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 32.08e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lesion development of B. cinerea on tomato leaves was significantly inhibited upon irradiation with red and purple light with inhibition rates of 32.08 and 36.74%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple light inhibited Botrytis lesion development on tomato leaves by 36.74%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- purple lighte0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- lesion development of B. cinereae0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 36.74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lesion development of B. cinerea on tomato leaves was significantly inhibited upon irradiation with red and purple light with inhibition rates of 32.08 and 36.74%, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light inhibited the superoxide anion oxidative burst caused by Botrytis infection.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- red lighte0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- oxidative burst of superoxide anion (O2−)e0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irradiation with red light inhibited the oxidative burst of superoxide anion (O2−) that was caused by infection with B. cinerea”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light regulated leaf hydrogen peroxide content, which rose then quickly fell.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leafe0
- Treatment
- red lighte0
- Outcome
- H2O2 contente0
- Direction
- increased and rapidly returned to a lower levele0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red light regulated the H2O2 content in the tomato leaf, which increased and rapidly returned to a lower level.”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light improved SOD, CAT and POD activity in tomato leaves.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- red light irradiatione0
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD)e0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red light irradiation improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in tomato leaves.”
Claim · model-written summary
Purple light did not elicit the same leaf physiological response.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- purple light irradiatione0
- Outcome
- physiological responsee0
- Direction
- did note0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“purple light irradiation did not make tomato leaves exhibit this kind of physiological response.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute red-light gray mold suppression primarily to regulation of tomato defense.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- red lighte0
- Outcome
- gray molde0
- Qualifier
- regulating the tomato defense mechanisme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“red light suppresses gray mold primarily by regulating the tomato defense mechanism for disease”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors partially attribute purple-light gray mold suppression to photo-inhibition of Botrytis.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- purple lighte0
- Interactor
- B. cinereaBotrytis cinereae0pathogen
- Outcome
- gray molde0
- Qualifier
- photo-inhibitione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the suppression of tomato gray mold by purple light can be partially explained by the photo-inhibition of B. cinerea.”
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