Abstract
The effects of elevated atmospheric ozone (O3) levels on herbivorous insects have been well studied, but little is known about the combined effects of elevated O3 and virus infection on herbivorous insect performance. Using open-top chambers in the field, we determined the effects of elevated O3 and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection on wild-type (Wt) tomato and 35S tomato (jasmonic acid (JA) defense-enhanced genotype) in association with whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius biotype B. Elevated O3 and TYLCV infection, alone and in combination, significantly reduced the contents of soluble sugars and free amino acids, increased the contents of total phenolics and condensed tannins, and increased salicylic acid (SA) content and the expression of SA-related genes in leaves. The JA signaling pathway was upregulated by elevated O3, but downregulated by TYLCV infection and O3 + TYLCV infection. Regardless of plant genotype, elevated O3, TYLCV infection, or O3 + TYLCV infection significantly decreased B. tabaci fecundity and abundance. These results suggest that elevated O3 and TYLCV infection, alone and in combination, reduce the nutrients available for B. tabaci, increase SA content and SA-related gene expression, and increase secondary metabolites, resulting in decreases in fecundity and abundance of B. tabaci in both tomato genotypes.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone and TYLCV, singly or combined, reduced soluble sugars and free amino acids.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- Elevated O3 and TYLCV infection, alone and in combinatione0
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- contents of soluble sugars and free amino acidse0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated O3 and TYLCV infection, alone and in combination, significantly reduced the contents of soluble sugars and free amino acids”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
These exposures increased total phenolics and condensed tannins.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Elevated O3 and TYLCV infection, alone and in combinationt1
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl virust1pathogen
- Outcome
- contents of total phenolics and condensed tanninse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased the contents of total phenolics and condensed tannins”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Elevated O3 and TYLCV infection, alone and in combination”
Claim · model-written summary
These exposures increased salicylic acid content and SA related gene expression.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Elevated O3 and TYLCV infection, alone and in combinationt1
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl virust1pathogen
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA) content and the expression of SA-related genese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increased salicylic acid (SA) content and the expression of SA-related genes in leaves”
t0“Tomato”
t1“Elevated O3 and TYLCV infection, alone and in combination”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone upregulated the JA signaling pathway.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- elevated O3e0
- Outcome
- JA signaling pathwaye0
- Direction
- upregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The JA signaling pathway was upregulated by elevated O3”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
TYLCV infection downregulated JA signaling.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TYLCV infectione0
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- JA signaling pathwayt1
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“downregulated by TYLCV infection and O3 + TYLCV infection”
t0“Tomato”
t1“JA signaling pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ozone and TYLCV downregulated JA signaling.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- O3 + TYLCV infectione0
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- JA signaling pathwayt1
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“downregulated by TYLCV infection and O3 + TYLCV infection”
t0“Tomato”
t1“JA signaling pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated ozone reduced whitefly fecundity and abundance regardless of genotype.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- elevated O3e0
- Interactor
- B. tabaci
Bemisia tabacie0pest - Outcome
- B. tabaci fecundity and abundancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of plant genotype, elevated O3, TYLCV infection, or O3 + TYLCV infection significantly decreased B. tabaci fecundity and abundance”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
TYLCV infection reduced whitefly fecundity and abundance regardless of genotype.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TYLCV infectione0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Second interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- B. tabaci fecundity and abundancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of plant genotype, elevated O3, TYLCV infection, or O3 + TYLCV infection significantly decreased B. tabaci fecundity and abundance”
t0“Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined ozone and TYLCV reduced whitefly fecundity and abundance regardless of genotype.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- O3 + TYLCV infectione0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Second interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- B. tabaci fecundity and abundancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regardless of plant genotype, elevated O3, TYLCV infection, or O3 + TYLCV infection significantly decreased B. tabaci fecundity and abundance”
t0“Tomato”
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See all 25 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.