Abstract
Elevated ozone (O3) modulates the phytohormone signals, which subsequently alters the interaction between plant and herbivorous insect. It has been reported that elevated O3 activates the plant abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, but its cascading effect on the performance of herbivorous insects remains unclear. Here, we used the ABA-deficient tomato mutant notabilis (not) and its wild type, Ailsa Craig (AC), to determine the role of ABA signaling in mediating the effects of elevated O3 on Bemisia tabaci in field open-top chambers (OTCs). Our results showed that the population abundance and the total phloem feeding duration of B. tabaci were decreased by O3 exposure in AC plants compared with not plants. Moreover, elevated O3 and B. tabaci infestation activated ABA signaling pathway and enhanced callose deposition in AC plants but had little effect on those in not plants. The exogenous application of a callose synthesis inhibitor (2-DDG) neutralized O3-induced resistance to B. tabaci, and the application of ABA enhanced callose deposition and exacerbated the negative effects of elevated O3 on B. tabaci. However, the application of 2-DDG counteracted the negative effects of O3 exposure on B. tabaci in ABA-treated AC plants. Collectively, this study revealed that callose deposition, which relied on the ABA signaling pathway, was an effective O3-induced priming defense of tomato plants against B. tabaci infestation.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced B. tabaci population abundance in Ailsa Craig relative to not plants.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Material
- ACe0
- Treatment
- O3 exposuree0
- Interactor
- B. tabaci
Bemisia tabacie0pest - Outcome
- population abundancee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- not plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the population abundance and the total phloem feeding duration of B. tabaci were decreased by O3 exposure in AC plants compared with not plants.”
t0“tomato mutant notabilis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone reduced B. tabaci phloem feeding in Ailsa Craig relative to not plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- ACe0
- Treatment
- O3 exposuree0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- total phloem feeding duration of B. tabacie0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- not plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the population abundance and the total phloem feeding duration of B. tabaci were decreased by O3 exposure in AC plants compared with not plants.”
t0“tomato mutant notabilis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone and whitefly infestation activated ABA signaling in Ailsa Craig, with little effect in not plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- ACe0
- Treatment
- elevated O3 and B. tabaci infestatione0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- ABA signaling pathwaye0
- Direction
- activatede0
- Comparator
- not plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated O3 and B. tabaci infestation activated ABA signaling pathway and enhanced callose deposition in AC plants but had little effect on those in not plants.”
t0“tomato mutant notabilis”
Claim · model-written summary
Ozone and whitefly infestation enhanced callose deposition in Ailsa Craig, with little effect in not plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- ACe0
- Treatment
- elevated O3 and B. tabaci infestatione0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- callose depositione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Comparator
- not plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“elevated O3 and B. tabaci infestation activated ABA signaling pathway and enhanced callose deposition in AC plants but had little effect on those in not plants.”
t0“tomato mutant notabilis”
Claim · model-written summary
Callose synthesis inhibition neutralized ozone-induced resistance to B. tabaci.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- callose synthesis inhibitor (2-DDG)e0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- O3-induced resistance to B. tabacie0
- Direction
- neutralizede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The exogenous application of a callose synthesis inhibitor (2-DDG) neutralized O3-induced resistance to B. tabaci”
t0“tomato mutant notabilis”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application enhanced callose deposition.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Outcome
- callose depositione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of ABA enhanced callose deposition”
t0“tomato mutant notabilis”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA application exacerbated the negative ozone effect on B. tabaci.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- ABAe0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- negative effects of elevated O3 on B. tabacie0
- Direction
- exacerbatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of ABA enhanced callose deposition and exacerbated the negative effects of elevated O3 on B. tabaci.”
t0“tomato mutant notabilis”
Claim · model-written summary
2-DDG counteracted the ozone effect on B. tabaci in ABA-treated Ailsa Craig.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- ACe0
- Treatment
- 2-DDGe0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- negative effects of O3 exposure on B. tabacie0
- Direction
- counteractede0
- Qualifier
- ABA-treatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of 2-DDG counteracted the negative effects of O3 exposure on B. tabaci in ABA-treated AC plants.”
t0“tomato mutant notabilis”
Claim · model-written summary
ABA-dependent callose deposition is interpreted as ozone-primed tomato defense against B. tabaci.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Interactor
- B. tabaciBemisia tabacie0pest
- Outcome
- O3-induced priming defensee0
- Qualifier
- callose deposition, which relied on the ABA signaling pathwaye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“callose deposition, which relied on the ABA signaling pathway, was an effective O3-induced priming defense of tomato plants against B. tabaci infestation.”
The same questions in other papers
ozone · Bemisia tabaci · Solanum lycopersicum (tomato)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.