Abstract
Global change and biotic stress, such as tropospheric contamination and virus infection, can individually modify the quality of host plants, thereby altering the palatability of the plant for herbivorous insects. The bottom-up effects of elevated O3 and tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) infection on tomato plants and the associated performance of Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED) were determined in open-top chambers. Elevated O3 decreased eight amino acid levels and increased the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content and the gene expression of pathogenesis-related protein (PR1) and proteinase inhibitor (PI1) in both wild-type (CM) and JA defense-deficient tomato genotype (spr2). TYLCV infection and the combination of elevated O3 and TYLCV infection increased eight amino acids levels, SA content and PR1 expression, and decreased JA content and PI1 expression in both tomato genotypes. In uninfected tomato, elevated O3 increased developmental time and decreased fecundity by 6.1 and 18.8% in the CM, respectively, and by 6.8 and 18.9% in the spr2, respectively. In TYLCV-infected tomato, elevated O3 decreased developmental time and increased fecundity by 4.6 and 14.2%, respectively, in the CM and by 4.3 and 16.8%, respectively, in the spr2. These results showed that the interactive effects of elevated O3 and TYLCV infection partially increased the amino acid content and weakened the JA-dependent defense, resulting in increased population fitness of MED on tomato plants. This study suggests that whiteflies would be more successful at TYLCV-infected plants than at uninfected plants in elevated O3 levels.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 decreased eight amino acid levels in both tomato genotypes.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Material
- wild-type (CM) and JA defense-deficient tomato genotype (spr2)e0
- Treatment
- Elevated O3e0
- Outcome
- eight amino acid levelse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated O3 decreased eight amino acid levels and increased the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content and the gene expression of pathogenesis-related protein (PR1) and proteinase inhibitor (PI1) in both wild-type (CM) and JA defense-deficient tomato genotype (spr2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 increased SA and JA content in both tomato genotypes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Elevated O3e0
- Outcome
- salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated O3 decreased eight amino acid levels and increased the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content and the gene expression of pathogenesis-related protein (PR1) and proteinase inhibitor (PI1) in both wild-type (CM) and JA defense-deficient tomato genotype (spr2)”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated O3 increased PR1 and PI1 expression in both tomato genotypes.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Elevated O3e0
- Gene
- pathogenesis-related protein (PR1) and proteinase inhibitor (PI1)e0
- Outcome
- gene expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Elevated O3 decreased eight amino acid levels and increased the salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) content and the gene expression of pathogenesis-related protein (PR1) and proteinase inhibitor (PI1) in both wild-type (CM) and JA defense-deficient tomato genotype (spr2)”
Claim · model-written summary
TYLCV infection, alone or with elevated O3, increased amino acids, SA content and PR1 expression in both genotypes.
- Treatment
- TYLCV infection and the combination of elevated O3 and TYLCV infectione0
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- eight amino acids levels, SA content and PR1 expressione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“TYLCV infection and the combination of elevated O3 and TYLCV infection increased eight amino acids levels, SA content and PR1 expression, and decreased JA content and PI1 expression in both tomato genotypes”
Claim · model-written summary
TYLCV infection, alone or with elevated O3, decreased JA content and PI1 expression in both genotypes.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- TYLCV infection and the combination of elevated O3 and TYLCV infectione0
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- JA content and PI1 expressione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TYLCV infection and the combination of elevated O3 and TYLCV infection increased eight amino acids levels, SA content and PR1 expression, and decreased JA content and PI1 expression in both tomato genotypes”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
On uninfected CM tomato, elevated O3 increased whitefly developmental time by 6.1%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- CMe0
- Treatment
- elevated O3e0
- Outcome
- developmental timee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 6.1e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In uninfected tomato, elevated O3 increased developmental time and decreased fecundity by 6.1 and 18.8% in the CM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
On uninfected CM tomato, elevated O3 decreased whitefly fecundity by 18.8%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- CMe0
- Treatment
- elevated O3e0
- Outcome
- fecunditye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 18.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In uninfected tomato, elevated O3 increased developmental time and decreased fecundity by 6.1 and 18.8% in the CM, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
On uninfected spr2 tomato, elevated O3 increased whitefly developmental time by 6.8%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- spr2e0
- Value
- 6.8e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and by 6.8 and 18.9% in the spr2, respectively”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
On uninfected spr2 tomato, elevated O3 decreased whitefly fecundity by 18.9%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- spr2e0
- Value
- 18.9%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and by 6.8 and 18.9% in the spr2, respectively”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
On TYLCV-infected CM tomato, elevated O3 decreased whitefly developmental time by 4.6%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- CMe0
- Treatment
- elevated O3e0
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- developmental timee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 4.6e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In TYLCV-infected tomato, elevated O3 decreased developmental time and increased fecundity by 4.6 and 14.2%, respectively, in the CM”
Claim · model-written summary
On TYLCV-infected CM tomato, elevated O3 increased whitefly fecundity by 14.2%.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Material
- CMe0
- Treatment
- elevated O3e0
- Interactor
- TYLCVTomato yellow leaf curl viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- fecunditye0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14.2%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In TYLCV-infected tomato, elevated O3 decreased developmental time and increased fecundity by 4.6 and 14.2%, respectively, in the CM”
Claim · model-written summary
On TYLCV-infected spr2 tomato, elevated O3 decreased whitefly developmental time by 4.3%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- spr2e0
- Value
- 4.3e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and by 4.3 and 16.8%, respectively, in the spr2”
t0“Tomato Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
On TYLCV-infected spr2 tomato, elevated O3 increased whitefly fecundity by 16.8%.
- Taxon
- TomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Material
- spr2e0
- Value
- 16.8%e0
Not reportedTreatmentComparatorOutcomeDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and by 4.3 and 16.8%, respectively, in the spr2”
t0“Tomato Plants”
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2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.