Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22 was used to evaluate the effect of ethylene evolution rate (EER) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and their relations with photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency in plants well-watered (WW) and under a severe water deficit (SWD). SWD caused a noticeable reduction in the grain mass. The marked increases in both EER and the ACC concentration were observed under SWD; it was reversed effectively by exogenous spermidine (Spd) or amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (AVG). Thermal images indicated that SWD increased obviously the temperature of flag leaves, mainly due to the decrease in transpiration rate under SWD. Exogenous Spd or AVG decreased to some extent the temperature of the flag leaves. The strong decline in photosynthetic rate (P N) and stomatal conductance as well as the photodamage of PSII were also observed under SWD after 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA). Intercellular CO2 concentration was reduced at 7 DAA, but slightly increased at 14 and 21 DAA under SWD, indicating that the decreased P N at 7 DAA might result from stomatal limitations, while the decline after 14 and 21 DAA might be attributed to nonstomatal limitations. Correlation analysis suggested that EER and ACC showed negative relations to photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency. Data obtained suggested that the effects of SWD were mediated predominantly by the increase in EER and ACC concentration, which greatly decreased the leaf photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency, and, therefore, reduced the grain mass. Application of Spd or AVG reduced the EER and ACC, and thus positively influenced photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency under SWD.
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Claims 16
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water deficit reduced the grain mass of wheat compared with well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- severe water deficite1
- Outcome
- grain masse2
- Direction
- reductione2
- Comparator
- well-watered (WW)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e1“in plants well-watered (WW) and under a severe water deficit (SWD)”
e2“SWD caused a noticeable reduction in the grain mass”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water deficit increased EER and ACC concentration in wheat compared with well-watered plants.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- severe water deficite1
- Outcome
- EER and the ACC concentratione3
- Direction
- increasese3
- Comparator
- well-watered (WW)e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e1“in plants well-watered (WW) and under a severe water deficit (SWD)”
e3“The marked increases in both EER and the ACC concentration were observed under SWD”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous spermidine or AVG reversed the increases in EER and ACC concentration in wheat under water deficit.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- exogenous spermidine (Spd) or amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)e4
- Outcome
- EER and the ACC concentratione3
- Direction
- reversede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e3“The marked increases in both EER and the ACC concentration were observed under SWD”
e4“it was reversed effectively by exogenous spermidine (Spd) or amino-ethoxyvinylglycine (AVG)”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water deficit increased obviously the temperature of wheat flag leaves, mainly through lower transpiration rate.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese5
- Treatment
- SWDe5
- Outcome
- temperature of flag leavese5
- Direction
- increased obviouslye5
- Qualifier
- mainly due to the decrease in transpiration rate under SWDe5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e5“Thermal images indicated that SWD increased obviously the temperature of flag leaves, mainly due to the decrease in transpiration rate under SWD”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous Spd or AVG decreased the temperature of wheat flag leaves to some extent.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- flag leavese6
- Treatment
- Exogenous Spd or AVGe6
- Outcome
- temperature of the flag leavese6
- Direction
- decreased to some extente6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e6“Exogenous Spd or AVG decreased to some extent the temperature of the flag leaves”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water deficit strongly declined the photosynthetic rate of wheat after 14 and 21 days after anthesis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SWDe7
- Outcome
- photosynthetic rate (P N)e7
- Direction
- strong declinee7
- Qualifier
- after 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA)e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e7“The strong decline in photosynthetic rate (P N) and stomatal conductance as well as the photodamage of PSII were also observed under SWD after 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water deficit strongly declined the stomatal conductance of wheat after 14 and 21 days after anthesis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SWDe7
- Outcome
- stomatal conductancee7
- Direction
- strong declinee7
- Qualifier
- after 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA)e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e7“The strong decline in photosynthetic rate (P N) and stomatal conductance as well as the photodamage of PSII were also observed under SWD after 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Severe water deficit caused photodamage of PSII in wheat after 14 and 21 days after anthesis.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SWDe7
- Outcome
- photodamage of PSIIe7
- Qualifier
- after 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA)e7
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e7“The strong decline in photosynthetic rate (P N) and stomatal conductance as well as the photodamage of PSII were also observed under SWD after 14 and 21 days after anthesis (DAA)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercellular CO2 concentration was reduced in wheat under severe water deficit at 7 DAA.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SWDe4
- Outcome
- Intercellular CO2 concentratione4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- at 7 DAAe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e4“Intercellular CO2 concentration was reduced at 7 DAA, but slightly increased at 14 and 21 DAA under SWD”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercellular CO2 concentration was slightly increased in wheat under severe water deficit at 14 and 21 DAA.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- SWDe4
- Outcome
- Intercellular CO2 concentratione4
- Direction
- slightly increasede4
- Qualifier
- at 14 and 21 DAAe4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e4“Intercellular CO2 concentration was reduced at 7 DAA, but slightly increased at 14 and 21 DAA under SWD”
Claim · model-written summary
The decreased photosynthetic rate at 7 DAA might result from stomatal limitations.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- decreased P N at 7 DAAe5
- Qualifier
- stomatal limitationse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e5“indicating that the decreased P N at 7 DAA might result from stomatal limitations, while the decline after 14 and 21 DAA might be attributed to nonstomatal limitations”
Claim · model-written summary
The decline in photosynthetic rate after 14 and 21 DAA might be attributed to nonstomatal limitations.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- decline after 14 and 21 DAAe5
- Qualifier
- nonstomatal limitationse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e5“indicating that the decreased P N at 7 DAA might result from stomatal limitations, while the decline after 14 and 21 DAA might be attributed to nonstomatal limitations”
Claim · model-written summary
EER and ACC showed negative relations to photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency in wheat.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Compound
- EER and ACCe6
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and photochemical efficiencye6
- Direction
- negative relationse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e6“Correlation analysis suggested that EER and ACC showed negative relations to photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency”
Claim · model-written summary
The effects of severe water deficit on wheat were mediated predominantly by the increase in EER and ACC, which decreased leaf photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency and reduced grain mass.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Compound
- EER and ACCe7
- Outcome
- leaf photosynthesis and photochemical efficiencye7
- Qualifier
- mediated predominantlye7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e7“Data obtained suggested that the effects of SWD were mediated predominantly by the increase in EER and ACC concentration, which greatly decreased the leaf photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency, and, therefore, reduced the grain mass”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous Spd or AVG reduced EER and ACC in wheat under severe water deficit.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Spd or AVGe6
- Outcome
- EER and ACCe6
- Direction
- reducede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e6“Application of Spd or AVG reduced the EER and ACC, and thus positively influenced photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency under SWD”
Claim · model-written summary
Exogenous Spd or AVG positively influenced photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency in wheat under severe water deficit.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Spd or AVGe6
- Outcome
- photosynthesis and photochemical efficiencye6
- Direction
- positively influencede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Jimai22”
e6“Application of Spd or AVG reduced the EER and ACC, and thus positively influenced photosynthesis and photochemical efficiency under SWD”
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