Abstract
Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can play an important role for increasing yield and quality of soybean (Glycine max L.). In order to study of effects of biofertilizers and nitrogen rates on yield, nodulation state and fatty acids composition of soybean, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2012 and 2013. Factors were different rates of nitrogen fertilizer in four levels (without nitrogen and application 25, 50 and 75 kg urea/ ha) and seed inoculation with as biofertilizers in five levels (without inoculation, seed inoculation with Pseudomonas putida strain 41, P. putida strain 186, Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5 and Bradyrhizobium japonicum). The results showed that maximum of grain yield, plant height, number of filled pods and number of grains per plant were obtained from the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer (75 kg urea/ha) and Rh. inoculation. Furthermore, the highest rate of nitrogen usage (75 kg urea/ha) adversely inhibited nodulation of soybean. Number and dry weight of nodules/plant increased significantly with increasing nitrogen application rates up to 50 kg urea/ha. Seed inoculation with biofertilizers increased oil and protein contents. The maximum oil content was obtained by applying 50 kg urea/ha and seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium. The saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids) declined in seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium than the control, while it was vice versa in unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linoneic and oleic acids). Based on the results, it was concluded that application of suitable amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (i.e. between 50 and 75 kg urea/ha) as starter in seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum can be recommended for profitable soybean production in the study area.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Highest nitrogen with Rhizobium inoculation maximized yield, height, pods and grains.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- 75 kg urea/hae0
- Interactor
- Rh.e0symbiont
- Outcome
- grain yield, plant height, number of filled pods and number of grains per plante0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“maximum of grain yield, plant height, number of filled pods and number of grains per plant were obtained from the highest level of nitrogen fertilizer (75 kg urea/ha) and Rh. inoculation.”
t0“Integrated fertilization systems effects on yield, nodulation state and fatty acids composition of soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
The highest nitrogen rate inhibited soybean nodulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 75 kg urea/hae0
- Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest rate of nitrogen usage (75 kg urea/ha) adversely inhibited nodulation of soybean.”
t0“Integrated fertilization systems effects on yield, nodulation state and fatty acids composition of soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodule number and dry weight rose significantly up to 50 kg urea/ha.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- nitrogen application rates up to 50 kg urea/hae0
- Outcome
- Number and dry weight of nodules/plante0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number and dry weight of nodules/plant increased significantly with increasing nitrogen application rates up to 50 kg urea/ha.”
t0“Integrated fertilization systems effects on yield, nodulation state and fatty acids composition of soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Biofertilizer inoculation increased oil and protein contents.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Seed inoculation with biofertilizerse0
- Outcome
- oil and protein contentse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed inoculation with biofertilizers increased oil and protein contents.”
t0“Integrated fertilization systems effects on yield, nodulation state and fatty acids composition of soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
50 kg urea/ha with Bradyrhizobium gave maximum oil content.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 50 kg urea/ha and seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobiume0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium
Bradyrhizobiume0symbiont - Outcome
- oil contente0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum oil content was obtained by applying 50 kg urea/ha and seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium.”
t0“Integrated fertilization systems effects on yield, nodulation state and fatty acids composition of soybean (Glycine max)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium inoculation lowered saturated fatty acids versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobiume1
- Interactor
- BradyrhizobiumBradyrhizobiume0symbiont
- Outcome
- saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids)e0
- Direction
- declinede0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The saturated fatty acids (palmitic and stearic acids) declined in seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium than the control”
t0“Integrated fertilization systems effects on yield, nodulation state and fatty acids composition of soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium inoculation raised unsaturated fatty acids versus control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobiume1
- Outcome
- unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linoneic and oleic acids)e0
- Direction
- vice versae0
- Comparator
- controle1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while it was vice versa in unsaturated fatty acids (linoleic, linoneic and oleic acids).”
t0“Integrated fertilization systems effects on yield, nodulation state and fatty acids composition of soybean (Glycine max)”
e1“seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend 50–75 kg urea/ha with Bradyrhizobium for soybean production.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- between 50 and 75 kg urea/hae0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont
- Outcome
- profitable soybean productione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“application of suitable amounts of nitrogen fertilizer (i.e. between 50 and 75 kg urea/ha) as starter in seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum can be recommended for profitable soybean production in the study area.”
t0“Integrated fertilization systems effects on yield, nodulation state and fatty acids composition of soybean (Glycine max)”
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