Abstract
To understand the mechanisms behind the beneficial combinations of the existence and formation processes of tripartite symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nitrogen (N)-fixing rhizobia in phosphorus (P) deficiency. The effects of different inoculations of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (BJ) and Glomus mosseae (GM) on plant growth, P uptake, and soluble sugar concentration of soybeans in a P-deficient environment were investigated utilizing split-root systems supplemented with either KH2PO4 (0.01 mM, I-P) or Phytin (200 mg P kg−1, O-P) for 56 days. Six treatments were applied: (1) mono-inoculation of BJ in organic P compartment, O-BJ; (2) mono-inoculation of BJ in inorganic P compartment, I-BJ; (3) mono-inoculation of BJ in organic P compartment and mono-inoculation of GM in inorganic P compartment, O-BJ/I-GM; (4) mono-inoculation of BJ in inorganic P compartment and mono-inoculation of GM in organic P compartment, O-GM/I-BJ; (5) dual inoculation of BJ and GM in organic P compartment, O-BJ/GM; and (6) dual inoculation of BJ and GM in inorganic P compartment, I-BJ/GM. Compared with sole inoculation of BJ, dual inoculation increased the plant and nodule biomass, which were higher in I-BJ/GM and O-BJ/I-GM treatments compared to O-GM/I-BJ and O-BJ/GM treatments. Roots inoculated with GM in I-P grew better regardless of whether BJ was inoculated or not. GM inoculation in I-P also increased the number of leaves and the rate of photosynthesis. Nodule P concentration following dual inoculation in I-P was increased 2.1-fold compared to that in sole inoculation with BJ. Shoot soluble sugar concentration with dual inoculation in O-P was less than that in the other three treatments. Inoculated with GM in I-P increased the root soluble sugar concentration compared with the non-GM plants or GM inoculation in O-P. The present findings may explain a regulatory system for the nutrition of beneficial microbial interactions by the nodule or by AM fungal hyphae at selecting the best performing tripartite symbiotic partners in P deficiency.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation increased soybean plant biomass relative to sole BJ inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeans
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- dual inoculatione0
- Outcome
- plant and nodule biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- sole inoculation of BJe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with sole inoculation of BJ, dual inoculation increased the plant and nodule biomass”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation increased soybean nodule biomass relative to sole BJ inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- dual inoculatione0
- Outcome
- nodule biomasse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- sole inoculation of BJe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with sole inoculation of BJ, dual inoculation increased the plant and nodule biomass”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass was higher under I-BJ/GM than O-GM/I-BJ and O-BJ/GM.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- I-BJ/GMe0
- Outcome
- plant and nodule biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- O-GM/I-BJ and O-BJ/GM treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with sole inoculation of BJ, dual inoculation increased the plant and nodule biomass, which were higher in I-BJ/GM and O-BJ/I-GM treatments compared to O-GM/I-BJ and O-BJ/GM treatments”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass was higher under O-BJ/I-GM than O-GM/I-BJ and O-BJ/GM.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- O-BJ/I-GMe0
- Outcome
- plant and nodule biomasse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- O-GM/I-BJ and O-BJ/GM treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Compared with sole inoculation of BJ, dual inoculation increased the plant and nodule biomass, which were higher in I-BJ/GM and O-BJ/I-GM treatments compared to O-GM/I-BJ and O-BJ/GM treatments”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots inoculated with GM in inorganic phosphorus grew better irrespective of BJ inoculation.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- GM in I-Pe0
- Interactor
- GMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- Rootse0
- Direction
- grew bettere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Roots inoculated with GM in I-P grew better regardless of whether BJ was inoculated or not.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
GM inoculation in inorganic phosphorus increased leaf number.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- GM inoculation in I-Pe0
- Interactor
- GMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of leavese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GM inoculation in I-P also increased the number of leaves and the rate of photosynthesis.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
GM inoculation in inorganic phosphorus increased photosynthetic rate.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- GM inoculation in I-Pe0
- Interactor
- GMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- rate of photosynthesise0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GM inoculation in I-P also increased the number of leaves and the rate of photosynthesis.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation in inorganic phosphorus increased nodule phosphorus concentration 2.1-fold relative to BJ alone.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation in I-Pe0
- Outcome
- Nodule P concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 2.1-folde0
- Comparator
- sole inoculation with BJe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Nodule P concentration following dual inoculation in I-P was increased 2.1-fold compared to that in sole inoculation with BJ.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation in organic phosphorus lowered shoot soluble sugar concentration versus the other treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- dual inoculation in O-Pe0
- Outcome
- Shoot soluble sugar concentratione0
- Direction
- less thane0
- Comparator
- the other three treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot soluble sugar concentration with dual inoculation in O-P was less than that in the other three treatments.”
t0“soybeans”
Claim · model-written summary
GM inoculation in inorganic phosphorus increased root soluble sugar relative to non-GM plants or GM inoculation in organic phosphorus.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- GM in I-Pe0
- Interactor
- GMe0symbiont
- Outcome
- root soluble sugar concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- the non-GM plants or GM inoculation in O-Pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculated with GM in I-P increased the root soluble sugar concentration compared with the non-GM plants or GM inoculation in O-P.”
t0“soybeans”
The same questions in other papers
Funneliformis mosseae · physiology: osmolytes · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Funneliformis mosseae · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Funneliformis mosseae · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
5 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Funneliformis mosseae · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
14 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
11 papers more in this group
See all 15 papers →inoculation · physiology: photosynthesis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
30 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- no effect
- negative
30 papers more in this group
See all 34 papers →inoculation · symbiosis · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
264 papers in the same direction as this paper · 43 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- negative
- no effect
306 papers more in this group
See all 310 papers →inoculation · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
322 papers in the same direction as this paper · 33 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
354 papers more in this group
See all 358 papers →inoculation · physiology: osmolytes · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.