Abstract
A field experiment was conducted during two consecutive growing seasons (2017 and 2018) to evaluate the effects of inoculations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intraradices and Claroideoglomus etunicatum) and phosphorus (P) fertilization (40 kg P2O5 ha−1) on the growth, yield and P use efficiency (PUE) of two soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars under low soil P (6 mg kg−1) condition. AMF inoculation promotes the growth of soybean to some level compared to the P fertilized plot; however, inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseae increased the number of nodules, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yield in both TGx 1440–1E and TGx 1448–2E soybean cultivars compared to C. etunicatum and the control. The P uptake in the shoot and grain in both cultivars increased with AMF inoculations in the order R. intraradices > F. mosseae > C. etunicatum. The studies showed that the highest yield response (44.2– 45.4%) and (44.9– 46.5%) over the control was revealed by the inoculation with R. intraradices and F. mosseae inoculants, respectively, in both soybean cultivars. TGx 1448–2E variety was more tolerant to low soil P availability and had higher root nodulation, seed yield and PUE than TGx 1448–2E variety. The results confirm functional variation among the three AMF isolates tested, which is crucial in establishing potential formulation of AMF inoculants to enhance soybean productivity in P-deficient soils.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
R. intraradices inoculation increased number of nodules, nodule dry weight in both soybean cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- R. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of nodules, nodule dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- C. etunicatum and the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation promotes the growth of soybean to some level compared to the P fertilized plot; however, inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseae increased the number of nodules, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yield in both TGx 1440–1E and TGx 1448–2E soybean cultivars compared to C. etunicatum and the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
R. intraradices inoculation increased shoot dry weight, root dry weight in both soybean cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- R. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight, root dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- C. etunicatum and the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation promotes the growth of soybean to some level compared to the P fertilized plot; however, inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseae increased the number of nodules, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yield in both TGx 1440–1E and TGx 1448–2E soybean cultivars compared to C. etunicatum and the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
R. intraradices inoculation increased number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yield in both soybean cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- R. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- C. etunicatum and the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation promotes the growth of soybean to some level compared to the P fertilized plot; however, inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseae increased the number of nodules, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yield in both TGx 1440–1E and TGx 1448–2E soybean cultivars compared to C. etunicatum and the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae inoculation increased number of nodules, nodule dry weight in both soybean cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- F. mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee0symbiont - Outcome
- number of nodules, nodule dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- C. etunicatum and the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation promotes the growth of soybean to some level compared to the P fertilized plot; however, inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseae increased the number of nodules, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yield in both TGx 1440–1E and TGx 1448–2E soybean cultivars compared to C. etunicatum and the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae inoculation increased shoot dry weight, root dry weight in both soybean cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot dry weight, root dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- C. etunicatum and the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation promotes the growth of soybean to some level compared to the P fertilized plot; however, inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseae increased the number of nodules, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yield in both TGx 1440–1E and TGx 1448–2E soybean cultivars compared to C. etunicatum and the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae inoculation increased number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yield in both soybean cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseaee0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- C. etunicatum and the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculation promotes the growth of soybean to some level compared to the P fertilized plot; however, inoculation (~960 spores per 100 g of soil) of R. intraradices or F. mosseae increased the number of nodules, nodule dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yield in both TGx 1440–1E and TGx 1448–2E soybean cultivars compared to C. etunicatum and the control.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculations increased shoot and grain phosphorus uptake, ranked by isolate.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculationse0
- Interactor
- AMFe0symbiont
- Outcome
- P uptake in the shoot and graine0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- R. intraradices > F. mosseae > C. etunicatume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The P uptake in the shoot and grain in both cultivars increased with AMF inoculations in the order R. intraradices > F. mosseae > C. etunicatum.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
R. intraradices gave the reported yield response over control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with R. intraradices and F. mosseae inoculantse0
- Interactor
- R. intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield responsee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 44.2– 45.4%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The studies showed that the highest yield response (44.2– 45.4%) and (44.9– 46.5%) over the control was revealed by the inoculation with R. intraradices and F. mosseae inoculants, respectively, in both soybean cultivars.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
F. mosseae gave the reported yield response over control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inoculation with R. intraradices and F. mosseae inoculantse0
- Interactor
- F. mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- yield responsee0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 44.9– 46.5%e0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The studies showed that the highest yield response (44.2– 45.4%) and (44.9– 46.5%) over the control was revealed by the inoculation with R. intraradices and F. mosseae inoculants, respectively, in both soybean cultivars.”
t0“soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
The abstract reports greater low-P tolerance, nodulation, seed yield and PUE for TGx 1448–2E while naming the same variety as comparator.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- TGx 1448–2Ee0
- Outcome
- root nodulation, seed yield and PUEe0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TGx 1448–2E variety was more tolerant to low soil P availability and had higher root nodulation, seed yield and PUE than TGx 1448–2E variety.”
t0“soybean”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.