Abstract
Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina , causal fungus for charcoal rot disease. In laboratory studies, all three herbicides reduced fungal colony diameter and increased production of microsclerotia. Alachlor and metolachlor reduced germination of fungal microsclerotia. Atrazine did not affect microsclerotia germination, but lessened the effects of alachlor and metolachlor on germination when applied in combination. In greenhouse studies, atrazine reduced numbers of M. phaseolina microsclerotia recovered from soil after 8 wk, and this resulted in reduced colonization of roots by this fungus at harvest. Colonization of grain sorghum roots by M. phaseolina was not affected by alachlor or metolachlor. Grain sorghum growth was reduced by atrazine at all intervals and by alachlor and metolachlor at harvest, despite use of seed safened with cyometrinil.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine reduced colony diameter of Macrophomina phaseolina in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- grain sorghum
Sorghum bicolore0 - Treatment
- atrazinee0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolina
Macrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen - Outcome
- fungal colony diametere1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e1“In laboratory studies, all three herbicides reduced fungal colony diameter and increased production of microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor reduced colony diameter of Macrophomina phaseolina in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- alachlore0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal colony diametere1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e1“In laboratory studies, all three herbicides reduced fungal colony diameter and increased production of microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor reduced colony diameter of Macrophomina phaseolina in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- metolachlore0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- fungal colony diametere1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e1“In laboratory studies, all three herbicides reduced fungal colony diameter and increased production of microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine increased production of microsclerotia by Macrophomina phaseolina in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- atrazinee0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- production of microsclerotiae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e1“In laboratory studies, all three herbicides reduced fungal colony diameter and increased production of microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor increased production of microsclerotia by Macrophomina phaseolina in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- alachlore0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- production of microsclerotiae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e1“In laboratory studies, all three herbicides reduced fungal colony diameter and increased production of microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor increased production of microsclerotia by Macrophomina phaseolina in the laboratory.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- metolachlore0
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- production of microsclerotiae1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- laboratorye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e1“In laboratory studies, all three herbicides reduced fungal colony diameter and increased production of microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor reduced germination of fungal microsclerotia.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- Alachlore2
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- germination of fungal microsclerotiae2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e2“Alachlor and metolachlor reduced germination of fungal microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor reduced germination of fungal microsclerotia.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- metolachlore2
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- germination of fungal microsclerotiae2
- Direction
- reducede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e2“Alachlor and metolachlor reduced germination of fungal microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine did not affect germination of microsclerotia.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- Atrazinee3
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- microsclerotia germinatione3
- Direction
- did not affecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e3“Atrazine did not affect microsclerotia germination, but lessened the effects of alachlor and metolachlor on germination when applied in combination”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine lessened the effects of alachlor and metolachlor on microsclerotia germination when applied in combination.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- applied in combinatione3
- Interactor
- Macrophomina phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae0pathogen
- Outcome
- effects of alachlor and metolachlor on germinatione3
- Direction
- lessenede3
- Comparator
- alachlor and metolachlore3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e3“Atrazine did not affect microsclerotia germination, but lessened the effects of alachlor and metolachlor on germination when applied in combination”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine reduced numbers of Macrophomina phaseolina microsclerotia recovered from soil after 8 weeks in greenhouse studies.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- atrazinee4
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae4pathogen
- Outcome
- numbers of M. phaseolina microsclerotia recovered from soile4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Setting
- greenhouse studiese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e4“In greenhouse studies, atrazine reduced numbers of M. phaseolina microsclerotia recovered from soil after 8 wk, and this resulted in reduced colonization of roots by this fungus at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine reduced colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina at harvest in greenhouse studies.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore0
- Treatment
- atrazinee4
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae4pathogen
- Outcome
- colonization of roots by this funguse4
- Direction
- reducede4
- Qualifier
- at harveste4
- Setting
- greenhouse studiese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e4“In greenhouse studies, atrazine reduced numbers of M. phaseolina microsclerotia recovered from soil after 8 wk, and this resulted in reduced colonization of roots by this fungus at harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor did not affect colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore5
- Treatment
- alachlore5
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae5pathogen
- Outcome
- Colonization of grain sorghum roots by M. phaseolinae5
- Direction
- was not affectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e5“Colonization of grain sorghum roots by M. phaseolina was not affected by alachlor or metolachlor”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor did not affect colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina.
- Taxon
- grain sorghumSorghum bicolore5
- Treatment
- metolachlore5
- Interactor
- M. phaseolinaMacrophomina phaseolinae5pathogen
- Outcome
- Colonization of grain sorghum roots by M. phaseolinae5
- Direction
- was not affectede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots by Macrophomina phaseolina”
e5“Colonization of grain sorghum roots by M. phaseolina was not affected by alachlor or metolachlor”
Claim · model-written summary
Atrazine reduced grain sorghum growth at all intervals.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolore6
- Treatment
- atrazinee6
- Outcome
- growthe6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Qualifier
- at all intervalse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Grain sorghum growth was reduced by atrazine at all intervals and by alachlor and metolachlor at harvest, despite use of seed safened with cyometrinil”
Claim · model-written summary
Alachlor reduced grain sorghum growth at harvest.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolore6
- Treatment
- alachlore6
- Outcome
- growthe6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Qualifier
- at harveste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Grain sorghum growth was reduced by atrazine at all intervals and by alachlor and metolachlor at harvest, despite use of seed safened with cyometrinil”
Claim · model-written summary
Metolachlor reduced grain sorghum growth at harvest.
- Taxon
- Grain sorghumSorghum bicolore6
- Treatment
- metolachlore6
- Outcome
- growthe6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Qualifier
- at harveste6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Grain sorghum growth was reduced by atrazine at all intervals and by alachlor and metolachlor at harvest, despite use of seed safened with cyometrinil”
The same questions in other papers
metolachlor · growth · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- negative
atrazine · growth · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
5 papers more in this group
See all 9 papers →alachlor · growth · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.