Abstract
Application of sugar alcohol zinc (SA-Zn) spray to apple trees at certain developmental stages can improve fruit quality. Increasing the Zn concentration of fruit can improve nutritional content and promote human health. We conducted foliar application of SA-Zn to 13-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees at different developmental stages. The effects of SA-Zn application on Zn concentration, reducing sugar content, and carbohydrate metabolism-related enzyme activity in fruit were investigated. The foliar treatment increased Zn and reducing sugar concentrations significantly in mature fruit. Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity was higher in the fruit of trees treated before budbreak and 3 weeks after flowering compared with the control at the early fruit stage and was higher during fruit expansion in plants treated after termination of spring shoot growth. Mature fruit of trees treated during the fruit expansion stage showed higher sorbitol dehydrogenase activity than the control. Foliar SA-Zn treatment did not have a significant effect on sorbitol oxidase activity in apple fruit. Treatment before budbreak and at 3 weeks after flowering led to a significant increase in the activity of sucrose synthase and acid invertase at the early fruit stage. Treatment during the fruit expansion stage significantly increased the activity of acid invertase at maturity but had no effect on the activity of neutral invertase. Our results indicate that foliar SA-Zn application resulted in biofortification of Zn in apples, which led to higher activity of carbohydrate metabolism-related enzymes and accumulation of sugars.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar SA-Zn significantly increased zinc and reducing sugar concentrations in mature apple fruit.
- Taxon
- apple trees
Malus domesticae1 - Organ / stage
- mature fruite0
- Treatment
- foliar application of SA-Zne2
- Outcome
- Zn and reducing sugar concentrationse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The foliar treatment increased Zn and reducing sugar concentrations significantly in mature fruit”
e1“13-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees”
e2“foliar application of SA-Zn”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment before budbreak and three weeks after flowering raised sorbitol dehydrogenase activity at the early fruit stage.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- early fruit stagee0
- Treatment
- treated before budbreak and 3 weeks after floweringe0
- Outcome
- Sorbitol dehydrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity was higher in the fruit of trees treated before budbreak and 3 weeks after flowering compared with the control at the early fruit stage”
e1“13-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment after spring shoot growth ended raised sorbitol dehydrogenase activity during fruit expansion.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae2
- Organ / stage
- fruit expansione0
- Treatment
- treated after termination of spring shoot growthe0
- Outcome
- Sorbitol dehydrogenase activitye1
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“was higher during fruit expansion in plants treated after termination of spring shoot growth”
e1“Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity”
e2“13-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment during fruit expansion raised sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in mature fruit.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- Mature fruite0
- Treatment
- treated during the fruit expansion stagee0
- Outcome
- sorbitol dehydrogenase activitye0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mature fruit of trees treated during the fruit expansion stage showed higher sorbitol dehydrogenase activity than the control”
e1“13-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
SA-Zn treatment had no significant effect on sorbitol oxidase activity.
- Taxon
- appleMalus domesticae0
- Treatment
- Foliar SA-Zn treatmente0
- Outcome
- sorbitol oxidase activitye0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Foliar SA-Zn treatment did not have a significant effect on sorbitol oxidase activity in apple fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
Early SA-Zn treatment significantly increased sucrose synthase and acid invertase activity at the early fruit stage.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- early fruit stagee0
- Treatment
- Treatment before budbreak and at 3 weeks after floweringe0
- Outcome
- activity of sucrose synthase and acid invertasee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment before budbreak and at 3 weeks after flowering led to a significant increase in the activity of sucrose synthase and acid invertase at the early fruit stage”
e1“13-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment during fruit expansion significantly increased acid invertase activity at maturity.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Organ / stage
- maturitye0
- Treatment
- Treatment during the fruit expansion stagee0
- Outcome
- activity of acid invertasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment during the fruit expansion stage significantly increased the activity of acid invertase at maturity”
e1“13-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees”
Claim · model-written summary
Treatment during fruit expansion had no effect on neutral invertase activity.
- Taxon
- apple treesMalus domesticae1
- Treatment
- Treatment during the fruit expansion stagee0
- Outcome
- activity of neutral invertasee0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment during the fruit expansion stage significantly increased the activity of acid invertase at maturity but had no effect on the activity of neutral invertase”
e1“13-year-old ‘Fuji’ apple trees”
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