Abstract
Name of the Author : SIREESHA KOTTURU Title of the Thesis : “Evaluation of newer insecticides against sucking pests in blackgram” Submitted for the award of : Master of Science in Agriculture Faculty : Agriculture Discipline : ENTOMOLOGY Major Advisor : Dr. M. SESHA MAHALAKSHMI University : Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University Year of submission : 2012 Studies on “Evaluation of newer insecticides against sucking pests in blackgram” were undertaken during Rabi 2011-2012 at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Lam, Guntur. The incidence of sucking pests i.e both thrips and whiteflies was observed through out the crop growth period in blackgram. Initially, the incidence of thrips was observed from 10 days after sowing while it was from 15 DAS onwards for whiteflies. The peak incidence of thrips was observed during 5 standard week (64 DAS) with a population of 8.26 thrips/trifoliate leaf/plant. All the weather parameters together accounted for 83.23 per cent significant variation in thrips population (R=0.8323) and maximum and minimum temperatures, morning and evening relative humidities also could independently affect changes in thrips population. The activity of whiteflies was observed from 50 standard week till the end of the crop season. The peak incidence of whitefly population was observed during 5 standard week (64 DAS) with a population of 1.4 nymphs/trifoliate leaf/plant. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that all the weather factors together were responsible for 53.93 per cent (R value) of total variation in whitefly population though it was non-significant. Among the natural enemy complex observed in the blackgram ecosystem, coccinellid beetles and spiders were the dominant predators. The population of natural enemies was observed throughout the crop growth period with a peak abundance during 5 standard week coinciding with peak activity of sucking pests. All the weather parameters together exerted a very high and significant influence of 87.33 per cent on the population of natural enemies. Seed treatment with neonicotinoid insecticides was found to protect the crop from sucking pests upto 25 days after sowing only even at the higher dosage. Irrespective of the insecticides tested, higher doses of the insecticides (10 ml/kg) seed were found effective in controlling the thrips and whiteflies in blackgram. Among all the treatments, imidacloprid 200 SL at 10 ml/kg seed was found to be effective against thrips followed by thiamethoxam 70 WS (10 g/kg seed). While, thiamethoxam 70 WS at 10 g/kg was proved better against whiteflies followed by imidacloprid 200 SL at 10 ml/kg. Phytotoxicity was not observed even at higher doses since there was no reduction in per cent germination and initial plant stand with any of the insecticides. Besides, some phytotonic effect of seed treatment was observed, since there was significant increase in plant height in all the insecticidal treatments compared to control at 30 days after sowing. The disease incidence of YMV recorded at 30 days and 60 days after sowing revealed that lowest YMV incidence was observed in the seed treated plots with higher doses (10 g or ml/kg seed) of thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and thiacloprid. The seed yield of blackgram was high from thiamethoxam treated plot at 10 g/kg seed (1088 kg/ha) followed by imidacloprid at 10 ml/kg seed (1074 kg/ha). Among all the insecticides evaluated as foliar sprays, spinosad 45 SC 0.0135 per cent was found significantly superior in reducing the thrips population followed by fipronil 5 SC 0.005 per cent. Whereas, spiromesifen 240 SC 0.096 per cent was found highly effective against whiteflies followed by buprofezin 10 EC 0.01 per cent, with high per cent reduction in population over control. Among the neonicotiniods tested, imidacloprid 200 SL 0.06 per cent and thiamethoxam 25 WG 0.005 per cent were found promising against thrips, while acetamiprid 20 SP 0.004 per cent and thiacloprid 21.7 SC 0.027 per cent proved better against whiteflies with moderate efficacy. The seed yield of blackgram was highest from spiromesifen 240 SC 0.096 per cent (1188 kg/ha) followed by buprofezin 10 EC 0.01 per cent (1146 kg/ha). However all the treatments were found significantly superior over the untreated control both in terms of pests suppression and seed yield in blackgram.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Thrips occurred from 10 days after sowing.
- Taxon
- blackgram
Vigna mungoe1 - Outcome
- incidence of thripse0
- Value
- 10 days after sowinge0
ThripsOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“incidence of thrips was observed from 10 days after sowing”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
Whiteflies occurred from 15 DAS.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae0pest
- Outcome
- whitefliese0
- Value
- 15 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“it was from 15 DAS onwards for whiteflies”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
Thrips peaked at 8.26 per trifoliate leaf per plant in standard week five.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Outcome
- population of 8.26 thrips/trifoliate leaf/plante0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 8.26 thrips/trifoliate leaf/plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peak incidence of thrips was observed during 5 standard week (64 DAS) with a population of 8.26 thrips/trifoliate leaf/plant”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
Weather parameters explained 83.23 per cent significant variation in thrips population.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Outcome
- variation in thrips populatione0
- Value
- 83.23 per cente0
- Qualifier
- weather parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the weather parameters together accounted for 83.23 per cent significant variation in thrips population (R=0.8323)”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
Whitefly population peaked at 1.4 nymphs per trifoliate leaf per plant at 64 DAS.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- whitefly populatione0
- Direction
- peake0
- Value
- 1.4 nymphs/trifoliate leaf/plante0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“peak incidence of whitefly population was observed during 5 standard week (64 DAS) with a population of 1.4 nymphs/trifoliate leaf/plant”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
Weather factors explained 53.93 per cent of whitefly population variation, nonsignificantly.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Interactor
- whiteflye0pest
- Outcome
- variation in whitefly populatione0
- Value
- 53.93 per cente0
- Qualifier
- weather factorse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“all the weather factors together were responsible for 53.93 per cent (R value) of total variation in whitefly population though it was non-significant”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
Coccinellid beetles and spiders were dominant predators in blackgram.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe0
- Interactor
- coccinellid beetlese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- dominant predatorse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“blackgram ecosystem, coccinellid beetles and spiders were the dominant predators”
Claim · model-written summary
Natural enemies peaked during standard week five, coincident with pest activity.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Interactor
- natural enemiese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- peak abundancee0
- Direction
- peake0
- Qualifier
- during 5 standard weeke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“population of natural enemies was observed throughout the crop growth period with a peak abundance during 5 standard week coinciding with peak activity of sucking pests”
e1“blackgram ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Weather significantly influenced natural enemy population by 87.33 per cent.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Interactor
- natural enemiese0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population of natural enemiese0
- Value
- 87.33 per cente0
- Qualifier
- weather parameterse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the weather parameters together exerted a very high and significant influence of 87.33 per cent on the population of natural enemies”
e1“blackgram ecosystem”
Claim · model-written summary
Neonicotinoid seed treatment protected blackgram from sucking pests for up to 25 days.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Treatment
- Seed treatment with neonicotinoid insecticidese0
- Interactor
- sucking pestse0pest
- Outcome
- protect the crop from sucking pestse0
- Value
- 25 days after sowinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Seed treatment with neonicotinoid insecticides was found to protect the crop from sucking pests upto 25 days after sowing only even at the higher dosage”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher insecticide seed doses controlled thrips.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe0
- Treatment
- higher doses of the insecticides (10 ml/kg) seede0
- Outcome
- controlling the thripse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher doses of the insecticides (10 ml/kg) seed were found effective in controlling the thrips and whiteflies in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher insecticide seed doses controlled whiteflies.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe0
- Treatment
- higher doses of the insecticides (10 ml/kg) seede0
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae0pest
- Outcome
- whitefliese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher doses of the insecticides (10 ml/kg) seed were found effective in controlling the thrips and whiteflies in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
Imidacloprid 200 SL at 10 ml/kg seed was best against thrips, followed by thiamethoxam.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Treatment
- imidacloprid 200 SL at 10 ml/kg seede0
- Outcome
- effective against thripse0
- Comparator
- thiamethoxam 70 WSe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“imidacloprid 200 SL at 10 ml/kg seed was found to be effective against thrips followed by thiamethoxam 70 WS (10 g/kg seed)”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam seed treatment was better against whiteflies than imidacloprid.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Treatment
- thiamethoxam 70 WS at 10 g/kge0
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae0pest
- Outcome
- whitefliese0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- imidacloprid 200 SL at 10 ml/kge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“thiamethoxam 70 WS at 10 g/kg was proved better against whiteflies followed by imidacloprid 200 SL at 10 ml/kg”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
No seed insecticide caused a reduction in germination or initial plant stand.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Treatment
- insecticidese0
- Outcome
- per cent germination and initial plant stande0
- Direction
- no reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Phytotoxicity was not observed even at higher doses since there was no reduction in per cent germination and initial plant stand with any of the insecticides”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
All seed insecticide treatments significantly increased plant height at 30 DAS.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Treatment
- insecticidal treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- 30 days after sowinge0
- Comparator
- controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“significant increase in plant height in all the insecticidal treatments compared to control at 30 days after sowing”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
High-dose seed treatments had the lowest YMV incidence at 30 and 60 DAS.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Treatment
- higher doses (10 g or ml/kg seed) of thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and thiaclopride0
- Interactor
- YMVe0pathogen
- Outcome
- YMV incidencee0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- 30 days and 60 days after sowinge2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lowest YMV incidence was observed in the seed treated plots with higher doses (10 g or ml/kg seed) of thiamethoxam, imidacloprid and thiacloprid”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
e2“The disease incidence of YMV recorded at 30 days and 60 days after sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiamethoxam seed treatment yielded 1088 kg/ha, followed by imidacloprid at 1074 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe0
- Treatment
- thiamethoxame0
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 1088 kg/hae0
- Qualifier
- 1074 kg/hae0
- Comparator
- imidaclopride0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed yield of blackgram was high from thiamethoxam treated plot at 10 g/kg seed (1088 kg/ha) followed by imidacloprid at 10 ml/kg seed (1074 kg/ha)”
Claim · model-written summary
Spinosad foliar spray was superior for thrips reduction, followed by fipronil.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Treatment
- spinosad 45 SC 0.0135 per cente0
- Outcome
- thrips populatione0
- Direction
- reducinge0
- Comparator
- fipronil 5 SC 0.005 per cente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spinosad 45 SC 0.0135 per cent was found significantly superior in reducing the thrips population followed by fipronil 5 SC 0.005 per cent”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
Claim · model-written summary
Spiromesifen spray was highly effective against whiteflies, followed by buprofezin.
- Taxon
- blackgramVigna mungoe1
- Treatment
- spiromesifen 240 SC 0.096 per cente0
- Interactor
- whitefliesAleyrodoideae0pest
- Outcome
- whitefliese0
- Comparator
- buprofezin 10 EC 0.01 per cente0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“spiromesifen 240 SC 0.096 per cent was found highly effective against whiteflies followed by buprofezin 10 EC 0.01 per cent”
e1“crop growth period in blackgram”
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thiacloprid · disease · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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thiamethoxam · yield · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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imidacloprid · Thrips · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
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imidacloprid · disease · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
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insecticide · pest · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
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insecticide · growth · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
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seed treatment · pest · Vigna mungo (black gram)Results agree
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2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.