Abstract
Municipal sludge (MS), containing various types of environmental pollutants, can exert phytotoxic effects in plants. Seed germination, chlorophyll content, plant weight, root and shoot growth, and metal levels, were measured as endpoints to assess the phytotoxic effects of leachates of MS from Lucknow city in three plants, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureus. Among the five metals analysed, lead was found to be present at the highest concentration, and chromium at the lowest. Aqueous MS leachates had lower amounts of metals than pure MS. Seed germination was inhibited significantly in all three plants. The greatest inhibition of root and shoot growth was observed in B. campestris and T. aestivum. Total chlorophyll was depleted in all three plants, but the maximum depletion was observed in T.aestivum exposed to 10% leachate. Symptoms such as necrosis, leaf discoloration and root curling were also observed after exposure to 10% leachate, and plant weight was reduced significantly. It is evident that MS from Lucknow city exerted phytotoxic effects on all three test plant species.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Seed germination was significantly inhibited in all three plants.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureus
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Vigna radiata var. radiata
Triticum aestivum.jpg?width=60)
Brassica rapa subsp. oleiferae1 - Treatment
- Municipal Sludget0
- Outcome
- Seed germinatione0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Seed germination was inhibited significantly in all three plants”
t0“Municipal Sludge-induced Phytotoxicity”
e1“leachates of MS from Lucknow city in three plants, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureus”
Claim · model-written summary
B. campestris had the greatest inhibition of root and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- B. campestrisBrassica rapa subsp. oleiferae0
- Treatment
- leachates of MSe1
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- greatest inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest inhibition of root and shoot growth was observed in B. campestris and T. aestivum”
t0“Municipal Sludge”
e1“leachates of MS from Lucknow city in three plants, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureus”
Claim · model-written summary
T. aestivum had the greatest inhibition of root and shoot growth.
- Taxon
- T. aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- leachates of MSe1
- Outcome
- root and shoot growthe0
- Direction
- greatest inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The greatest inhibition of root and shoot growth was observed in B. campestris and T. aestivum”
t0“Municipal Sludge”
e1“leachates of MS from Lucknow city in three plants, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureus”
Claim · model-written summary
Total chlorophyll was depleted in all three plants.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureusVigna radiata var. radiataTriticum aestivumBrassica rapa subsp. oleiferae1
- Treatment
- Municipal Sludget0
- Outcome
- Total chlorophylle0
- Direction
- depletede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Total chlorophyll was depleted in all three plants”
t0“Municipal Sludge-induced Phytotoxicity”
e1“leachates of MS from Lucknow city in three plants, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureus”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum chlorophyll depletion occurred in T. aestivum exposed to 10% leachate.
- Taxon
- T.aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 10% leachatee0
- Outcome
- depletione0
- Direction
- maximume0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the maximum depletion was observed in T.aestivum exposed to 10% leachate”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to 10% leachate produced necrosis, leaf discoloration and root curling.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureusVigna radiata var. radiataTriticum aestivumBrassica rapa subsp. oleiferae1
- Treatment
- 10% leachatee0
- Outcome
- necrosis, leaf discoloration and root curlinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Symptoms such as necrosis, leaf discoloration and root curling were also observed after exposure to 10% leachate”
t0“Municipal Sludge-induced Phytotoxicity”
e1“leachates of MS from Lucknow city in three plants, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureus”
Claim · model-written summary
Plant weight was significantly reduced after leachate exposure.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureusVigna radiata var. radiataTriticum aestivumBrassica rapa subsp. oleiferae1
- Treatment
- Municipal Sludget0
- Outcome
- plant weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“plant weight was reduced significantly”
t0“Municipal Sludge-induced Phytotoxicity”
e1“leachates of MS from Lucknow city in three plants, Triticum aestivum, Brassica campestris and Phaseolus aureus”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.