Abstract
The effect of inoculating soybean plants with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense either solely or in mixture, and of using different N fertilizer levels was studied in pot experiments. The nodulation of soybean grown in a sandy soil was enhanced by the inoculation while the highest nodule numbers and fresh mass, recorded at a N-fertilizer dose of 20 kg N/hm 2, decreased when the fertilizer quantity increased to 40 kg N/hm 2. By contrast, the dry mass of above-ground parts and the N uptake was increased with increasing N fertilizer level. A similar effect was observed for inoculation as com- pared with the uninoculated variant. Although the nodulating and non-nodulating soybeans has nearly the same dry mass, the nodulating isoline accumulated more N than the non-nodulating. The percentage of nitrogen derived from air (%, Ndfa) and estimated by isotope dilution (ID) or N difference method (DM) dropped with increasing N level from 10 to 40 kg N/hm 2. Dual inoculation resulted in a high per cent of fixed N2 (42.5 %) at 10 kg N/hm 2. Correlation between the ID and DM meth- ods was found to be dependent on inoculation treatments. The amount of nitrogen utilized by nodulating soybean (FUE %) was enhanced as a function of inoculation with B. japonicum.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation enhanced soybean nodulation.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Bradyrhizobium japonicumt0symbiont - Outcome
- nodulatione0
- Direction
- enhancede0
- Setting
- sandy soile0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The nodulation of soybean grown in a sandy soil was enhanced by the inoculation”
t0“inoculating soybean plants with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Azospirillum brasilense”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean nodule numbers peaked at 20 kg N/hm 2 and declined at 40 kg N/hm 2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 40 kg N/hm 2e0
- Outcome
- nodule numberse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 20 kg N/hm 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest nodule numbers and fresh mass, recorded at a N-fertilizer dose of 20 kg N/hm 2, decreased when the fertilizer quantity increased to 40 kg N/hm 2.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean nodule fresh mass declined when fertilizer rose from 20 to 40 kg N/hm 2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- 40 kg N/hm 2e0
- Outcome
- fresh masse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Comparator
- 20 kg N/hm 2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the highest nodule numbers and fresh mass, recorded at a N-fertilizer dose of 20 kg N/hm 2, decreased when the fertilizer quantity increased to 40 kg N/hm 2.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Aboveground dry mass increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing N fertilizer levele0
- Outcome
- dry mass of above-ground partse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dry mass of above-ground parts and the N uptake was increased with increasing N fertilizer level.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen uptake increased with increasing nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing N fertilizer levele0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the dry mass of above-ground parts and the N uptake was increased with increasing N fertilizer level.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased aboveground dry mass relative to uninoculated soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- similar effecte0
- Comparator
- uninoculated variante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar effect was observed for inoculation as com- pared with the uninoculated variant.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation increased nitrogen uptake relative to uninoculated soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inoculatione0
- Outcome
- similar effecte0
- Comparator
- uninoculated variante0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A similar effect was observed for inoculation as com- pared with the uninoculated variant.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodulating and non-nodulating soybeans had nearly equal dry mass.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- dry masse0
- Direction
- nearly the samee0
- Comparator
- non-nodulating soybeanse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although the nodulating and non-nodulating soybeans has nearly the same dry mass”
Claim · model-written summary
Nodulating soybean accumulated more nitrogen than non-nodulating soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- accumulated more Ne0
- Direction
- moree0
- Comparator
- non-nodulatinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the nodulating isoline accumulated more N than the non-nodulating.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen derived from air declined as fertilizer increased from 10 to 40 kg N/hm 2.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing N level from 10 to 40 kg N/hm 2e0
- Outcome
- percentage of nitrogen derived from air (%, Ndfa)e0
- Direction
- droppede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage of nitrogen derived from air (%, Ndfa) and estimated by isotope dilution (ID) or N difference method (DM) dropped with increasing N level from 10 to 40 kg N/hm 2.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Dual inoculation yielded 42.5 % fixed nitrogen at 10 kg N/hm 2.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Dual inoculatione0
- Outcome
- per cent of fixed N2e0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- 42.5 %e0
- Qualifier
- 10 kg N/hm 2e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dual inoculation resulted in a high per cent of fixed N2 (42.5 %) at 10 kg N/hm 2.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Agreement of isotope dilution and nitrogen difference methods depended on inoculation treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- inoculation treatmentse0
- Outcome
- Correlation between the ID and DM meth- odse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Correlation between the ID and DM meth- ods was found to be dependent on inoculation treatments.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
B. japonicum inoculation enhanced nitrogen fertilizer utilization by nodulating soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- inoculation with B. japonicume0
- Interactor
- B. japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont
- Outcome
- amount of nitrogen utilized by nodulating soybean (FUE %)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of nitrogen utilized by nodulating soybean (FUE %) was enhanced as a function of inoculation with B. japonicum.”
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