Abstract
Abstract Adapted cultivars must be developed if significant production of soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is to be realized in western Canada. Selection and breeding for ability to support symbiotic N 2 fixation is important in this development. 15 N isotope dilution techniques were used to determine the percent plant N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa), i.e., fixation, and actual amounts of N fixed by two promising cultivars, X005 and Maple Presto. Precent Ndfa for the two cultivars was almost identical under comparable conditions. Depending on soil type and plant growth stage, %Ndfa varied from 38 to 70% in lysimeter experiments and maximized at 67% in the field. X005 fixed significantly more N 2 (115 kg N/ha) than Maple Presto (82 kg N/ha) in the field because X005 had a higher N yield, possibly due to a slightly longer growing season. The N yield of both cultivars, when inoculated, did not respond to increasing rates of fertilizer N [Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ]. The highest percent fertilizer use efficiency (%FUE) was 51% when uninoculated and 44% when the seed was inoculated. Although N 2 fixation occurred in both cultivars when fertilizer up to 160 kg N/ha was provided, the cultivars differed in their tolerance to fertilizer N with respect to N 2 fixation. For X005, N 2 fixation was constant as N fertilizer increased from 0 to 80 kg/ha but decreased by 24% where 160 kg N/ha was applied. For Maple Presto, N 2 fixation was constant as N fertilizer increased from 0 to 40 kg/ha but decreased by 21% where 80 or 160 kg N/ha was applied. Both cultivars had similar %Ndfa and amount of N fixed/ha to soybeans in other countries.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
The cultivars had almost identical percent nitrogen derived from atmosphere under comparable conditions.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Material
- two cultivarse0
- Outcome
- Precent Ndfae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Precent Ndfa for the two cultivars was almost identical under comparable conditions.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Percent nitrogen derived from atmosphere varied from 38 to 70% in lysimeters.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- %Ndfae0
- Direction
- variede0
- Value
- 38 to 70%e0
- Setting
- lysimeter experimentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Depending on soil type and plant growth stage, %Ndfa varied from 38 to 70% in lysimeter experiments and maximized at 67% in the field.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Percent nitrogen derived from atmosphere reached 67% in the field.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Depending on soil type and plant growth stage, %Ndfa varied from 38 to 70% in lysimeter experiments and maximized at 67% in the field.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
X005 fixed 115 kg N/ha, significantly more than Maple Presto at 82 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- X005e0
- Outcome
- N 2e0
- Direction
- moree0
- Value
- 115 kg N/hae0
- Qualifier
- 82 kg N/hae0
- Comparator
- Maple Prestoe0
- Setting
- the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“X005 fixed significantly more N 2 (115 kg N/ha) than Maple Presto (82 kg N/ha) in the field because X005 had a higher N yield, possibly due to a slightly longer growing season.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
X005 had higher N yield than Maple Presto.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- X005e0
- Outcome
- N yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Maple Prestoe0
- Setting
- the fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“X005 fixed significantly more N 2 (115 kg N/ha) than Maple Presto (82 kg N/ha) in the field because X005 had a higher N yield, possibly due to a slightly longer growing season.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculated cultivars did not increase N yield under increasing fertilizer N rates.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- increasing rates of fertilizer N [Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ]e0
- Outcome
- N yielde0
- Direction
- did not responde0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The N yield of both cultivars, when inoculated, did not respond to increasing rates of fertilizer N [Ca (NO 3 ) 2 ].”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest fertilizer use efficiency was 51% when uninoculated.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- percent fertilizer use efficiency (%FUE)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 51%e0
- Qualifier
- when uninoculatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest percent fertilizer use efficiency (%FUE) was 51% when uninoculated and 44% when the seed was inoculated.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Highest fertilizer use efficiency was 44% when seed was inoculated.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- percent fertilizer use efficiency (%FUE)e0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 44%e0
- Qualifier
- when the seed was inoculatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The highest percent fertilizer use efficiency (%FUE) was 51% when uninoculated and 44% when the seed was inoculated.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Both cultivars still fixed nitrogen at up to 160 kg N/ha fertilizer.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- both cultivarse0
- Outcome
- N 2 fixation occurrede0
- Value
- 160 kg N/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Although N 2 fixation occurred in both cultivars when fertilizer up to 160 kg N/ha was provided, the cultivars differed in their tolerance to fertilizer N with respect to N 2 fixation.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
X005 fixation stayed constant from 0 to 80 kg/ha fertilizer.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- X005e0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer increased from 0 to 80 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- N 2 fixatione0
- Direction
- constante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For X005, N 2 fixation was constant as N fertilizer increased from 0 to 80 kg/ha but decreased by 24% where 160 kg N/ha was applied.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
X005 fixation decreased 24% at 160 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- X005e0
- Treatment
- 160 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- N 2 fixatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For X005, N 2 fixation was constant as N fertilizer increased from 0 to 80 kg/ha but decreased by 24% where 160 kg N/ha was applied.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Maple Presto fixation stayed constant from 0 to 40 kg/ha fertilizer.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Maple Prestoe0
- Treatment
- N fertilizer increased from 0 to 40 kg/hae0
- Outcome
- N 2 fixatione0
- Direction
- constante0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Maple Presto, N 2 fixation was constant as N fertilizer increased from 0 to 40 kg/ha but decreased by 21% where 80 or 160 kg N/ha was applied.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Maple Presto fixation decreased 21% at 80 or 160 kg N/ha.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Maple Prestoe0
- Treatment
- 80 or 160 kg N/hae0
- Outcome
- N 2 fixatione0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 21%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Maple Presto, N 2 fixation was constant as N fertilizer increased from 0 to 40 kg/ha but decreased by 21% where 80 or 160 kg N/ha was applied.”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Both cultivars had nitrogen fixation similar to soybeans in other countries.
- Taxon
- soybeansGlycine maxe0
- Material
- Both cultivarse0
- Outcome
- %Ndfa and amount of N fixed/hae0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- soybeans in other countriese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both cultivars had similar %Ndfa and amount of N fixed/ha to soybeans in other countries.”
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