Abstract
Two cDNA clones were isolated from soybean (Glycine soja) by polymerase chain reaction with primers designed to conserved motifs found in apyrases (nucleotide phosphohydrolase). The two cDNAs are predicted to encode for two, distinct, apyrase proteins of approximately 50 kDa (i.e., GS50) and 52 kDa (i.e., GS52). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that GS52 is orthologous to a family of apyrases recently suggested to play a role in legume nodulation. GS50 is paralogous to this family and, therefore, likely plays a different physiological role. Consistent with this analysis, GS50 mRNA was detected in root, hypocotyls, flowers, and stems, while GS52 mRNA was found in root and flowers. Neither gene was expressed in leaves or cotyledons. Inoculation of roots with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, nitrogen-fixing symbiont of soybean, resulted in the rapid (<6 h) induction of GS52 mRNA expression. The level of GS50 mRNA expression was not affected by bacterial inoculation. Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of GS50 expression mirrored the results obtained by mRNA analysis. However, in contrast to the mRNA results, GS52 protein was found in stems. Interestingly, anti-GS52 antibody recognized a 50-kDa protein found only in nodule extracts. Treatment of roots with anti-GS52 antibody, but not anti-GS50 antibody or preimmune serum, blocked nodulation by B. japonicum. Fractionation of cellular membranes in sucrose density gradients and subsequent Western analysis of the fractions revealed that GS50 colocalized with marker enzymes for the Golgi, while GS52 colocalized with marker enzymes for the plasma membrane. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)-based mapping placed the gs52 gene on major linkage group J of the integrated genetic map of soybean. These data suggest that GS50 is likely an endo-apyrase involved in Golgi function, while GS52 is localized on the root surface and appears to play an important role in nodulation.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Two soybean cDNAs encode distinct apyrases of approximately 50 and 52 kDa.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Gene
- GS50e0
- Outcome
- two, distinct, apyrase proteinse0
- Value
- approximately 50 kDae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The two cDNAs are predicted to encode for two, distinct, apyrase proteins of approximately 50 kDa (i.e., GS50) and 52 kDa (i.e., GS52).”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
GS52 was orthologous to the apyrase family implicated in nodulation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- GS52e0
- Outcome
- orthologous to a family of apyrasese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GS52 is orthologous to a family of apyrases recently suggested to play a role in legume nodulation”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
GS50 was paralogous to that apyrase family.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- GS50e0
- Outcome
- paralogous to this familye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GS50 is paralogous to this family”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
GS50 mRNA occurred in root, hypocotyls, flowers and stems.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- root, hypocotyls, flowers, and stemse0
- Gene
- GS50e0
- Outcome
- mRNA was detectede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GS50 mRNA was detected in root, hypocotyls, flowers, and stems”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
GS52 mRNA occurred in root and flowers.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- root and flowerse0
- Gene
- GS52e0
- Outcome
- mRNA was founde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GS52 mRNA was found in root and flowers”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither apyrase gene was expressed in leaves or cotyledons.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- leaves or cotyledonse0
- Outcome
- Neither gene was expressede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neither gene was expressed in leaves or cotyledons.”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bradyrhizobium japonicum inoculation rapidly induced GS52 mRNA within six hours.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Inoculation of roots with Bradyrhizobium japonicume0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicum
Bradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont - Gene
- GS52e0
- Outcome
- GS52 mRNA expressione0
- Direction
- inductione0
- Value
- <6 he0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Inoculation of roots with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, nitrogen-fixing symbiont of soybean, resulted in the rapid (<6 h) induction of GS52 mRNA expression.”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
Bacterial inoculation did not affect GS50 mRNA expression.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- bacterial inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Bradyrhizobium japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicume1symbiont
- Gene
- GS50e0
- Outcome
- GS50 mRNA expressione0
- Direction
- not affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of GS50 mRNA expression was not affected by bacterial inoculation.”
e1“Inoculation of roots with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, nitrogen-fixing symbiont of soybean”
e2“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
GS50 protein expression mirrored its mRNA pattern.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- GS50e0
- Outcome
- GS50 expression mirrored the results obtained by mRNA analysise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Western blot (immunoblot) analysis of GS50 expression mirrored the results obtained by mRNA analysis.”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
GS52 protein, unlike its mRNA, was found in stems.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- stemse0
- Gene
- GS52e0
- Outcome
- GS52 protein was founde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in contrast to the mRNA results, GS52 protein was found in stems”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
A 50-kDa protein recognized by anti-GS52 occurred only in nodules.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- GS52e0
- Outcome
- protein found only in nodule extractse0
- Value
- 50-kDae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“anti-GS52 antibody recognized a 50-kDa protein found only in nodule extracts”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
Anti-GS52 treatment blocked nodulation by B. japonicum, unlike controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- anti-GS52 antibodye0
- Interactor
- B. japonicumBradyrhizobium japonicume0symbiont
- Gene
- GS52e0
- Outcome
- nodulation by B. japonicume0
- Direction
- blockede0
- Comparator
- anti-GS50 antibody or preimmune serume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Treatment of roots with anti-GS52 antibody, but not anti-GS50 antibody or preimmune serum, blocked nodulation by B. japonicum.”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
GS50 colocalized with Golgi marker enzymes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- GS50e0
- Outcome
- colocalized with marker enzymes for the Golgie0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GS50 colocalized with marker enzymes for the Golgi”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
GS52 colocalized with plasma membrane marker enzymes.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Gene
- GS52e0
- Outcome
- colocalized with marker enzymes for the plasma membranee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“GS52 colocalized with marker enzymes for the plasma membrane”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
Claim · model-written summary
The gs52 gene mapped to major linkage group J.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Gene
- gs52e0
- Outcome
- major linkage group Je0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“placed the gs52 gene on major linkage group J of the integrated genetic map of soybean”
e1“soybean (Glycine soja)”
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See all 30 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.