Abstract
Abstract In vitro experiments indicated that boric acid, monopotassium phosphate, sodium metabisulfite and synthetic fungicide fluopyram + tebuconazole were effective in inhibiting conidia germination and germ‐tube elongation of Venturia inaequalis . Monopotassium phosphate even at the highest concentration used in the study reduced conidia germination and germ‐tube elongation of V. inaequalis by 22.1% and 28.8%, respectively; however, the difference between two compounds at lower concentrations except 0.05% (for conidia germination) and 0.1% (for germ‐tube elongation) of boric acid was statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Complete inhibition was achieved by 0.01% sodium metabisulfite, 0.035% fluopyram + tebuconazole and 0.2% boric acid. Two orchard trials were conducted on the highly susceptible cv. Mutsu to apple scab to ascertain the efficacy of 0.2% boric acid, 0.5% monopotassium phosphate, 0.5% sodium metabisulfite and 0.035% fluopyram + tebuconazole for the control of apple scab. In both 2013 and 2014, except for the applications of monopotassium phosphate and sodium metabisulfite, the applications of boric acid and fluopyram + tebuconazole to trees at 10‐day intervals significantly reduced disease incidence and severity on leaves and fruit compared to the water‐treated control. In both years, the efficacy of boric acid and fluopyram + tebuconazole treatments was similar in reducing both disease incidence and severity on leaves and fruit in all monthly assessments from July to September. All treatments were neither phytotoxic to leaves and fruit nor did they adversely affect quality parameters of harvested fruit. These results show that boric acid treatment may be applied as an alternative chemical for the control of apple scab.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Boric acid inhibited Venturia conidial germination and germ-tube elongation in vitro.
- Taxon
- Apple
Malus domesticat0 - Treatment
- boric acide0
- Interactor
- Venturia inaequalis
Venturia inaequalise0pathogen - Outcome
- conidia germination and germ‐tube elongation of Venturia inaequalise0
- Direction
- inhibitinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Scab”
e0“boric acid, monopotassium phosphate, sodium metabisulfite and synthetic fungicide fluopyram + tebuconazole were effective in inhibiting conidia germination and germ‐tube elongation of Venturia inaequalis”
Claim · model-written summary
Monopotassium phosphate reduced V. inaequalis conidia germination by 22.1% at the highest concentration.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Monopotassium phosphatee0
- Interactor
- V. inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- conidia germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22.1%e0
- Qualifier
- highest concentration used in the studye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Scab”
e0“Monopotassium phosphate even at the highest concentration used in the study reduced conidia germination and germ‐tube elongation of V. inaequalis by 22.1% and 28.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Monopotassium phosphate reduced V. inaequalis germ-tube elongation by 28.8% at the highest concentration.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- Monopotassium phosphatee0
- Interactor
- V. inaequalisVenturia inaequalise0pathogen
- Outcome
- germ‐tube elongatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 28.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Scab”
e0“Monopotassium phosphate even at the highest concentration used in the study reduced conidia germination and germ‐tube elongation of V. inaequalis by 22.1% and 28.8%, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sodium metabisulfite completely inhibited the fungal endpoints at 0.01%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 0.01% sodium metabisulfitee0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- Complete inhibitione0
Not reportedInteractorComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Scab”
e0“Complete inhibition was achieved by 0.01% sodium metabisulfite, 0.035% fluopyram + tebuconazole and 0.2% boric acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluopyram plus tebuconazole completely inhibited the fungal endpoints at 0.035%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 0.035% fluopyram + tebuconazolee0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- Complete inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Scab”
e0“Complete inhibition was achieved by 0.01% sodium metabisulfite, 0.035% fluopyram + tebuconazole and 0.2% boric acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Boric acid completely inhibited the fungal endpoints at 0.2%.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- 0.2% boric acide0
- Outcome
- inhibitione0
- Direction
- Complete inhibitione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Scab”
e0“Complete inhibition was achieved by 0.01% sodium metabisulfite, 0.035% fluopyram + tebuconazole and 0.2% boric acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Boric acid significantly reduced apple scab incidence and severity on leaves and fruit versus water treatment in both years.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and fruite0
- Treatment
- boric acide0
- Outcome
- disease incidence and severity on leaves and fruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- water‐treated controle0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Scab”
e0“applications of boric acid and fluopyram + tebuconazole to trees at 10‐day intervals significantly reduced disease incidence and severity on leaves and fruit compared to the water‐treated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Fluopyram plus tebuconazole significantly reduced apple scab incidence and severity on leaves and fruit versus water treatment.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- fluopyram + tebuconazolee0
- Outcome
- disease incidence and severity on leaves and fruite0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- water‐treated controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Scab”
e0“applications of boric acid and fluopyram + tebuconazole to trees at 10‐day intervals significantly reduced disease incidence and severity on leaves and fruit compared to the water‐treated control”
Claim · model-written summary
Boric acid and fluopyram plus tebuconazole had similar orchard efficacy.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- efficacye0
- Direction
- similare0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Scab”
e0“efficacy of boric acid and fluopyram + tebuconazole treatments was similar in reducing both disease incidence and severity on leaves and fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
None of the treatments was phytotoxic or adversely affected harvested fruit quality.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Outcome
- phytotoxic to leaves and fruite0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Scab”
e0“All treatments were neither phytotoxic to leaves and fruit nor did they adversely affect quality parameters of harvested fruit”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose boric acid as an alternative apple scab control chemical.
- Taxon
- AppleMalus domesticat0
- Treatment
- boric acid treatmente0
- Outcome
- alternative chemical for the control of apple scabe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Apple Scab”
e0“boric acid treatment may be applied as an alternative chemical for the control of apple scab”
The same questions in other papers
potassium dihydrogen phosphate · Venturia inaequalis · Malus domestica (apple)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- no effect
fluopyram · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
sodium disulfite · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
3 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
tebuconazole · disease · Malus domestica (apple)Results agree
10 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
7 papers more in this group
See all 11 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.