Abstract
Common cocklebur (Xanthium sibiricum) was widely distributed in the water-level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir after its impoundment to 156 m in elevation. Flooding maybe accelerated the germination of common cocklebur and it was likely to be the explanation of the phenomena. The aim of present paper was to determine the influence of water submergence on the germination of common cocklebur. The result showed that more than ninety percent of seeds even submerged in situ for even eight months were still alive. The germination rate of in situ inundated seeds at 25 ℃ was significantly depressed and was negatively related with submerged period. The germination rate of the seeds with bur stored in dry and airy indoor environment was not significantly different with the germination rate of seeds placed in the drawdown area with 160 m and 150 m in elevation respectively, but it was significantly lower than the germination rate of the seeds placed in the drawdown area with 170 m in elevation. All the germination indicators were significant improved after eight months’ indoor submergence. Thus, it is visible that short term in situ submergence can improve germination of the seeds with burr at common temperature, while long term in situ flooding would depress germination of the seed of common cocklebur. The negative effect of flooding on germination strengthened as the prolonging of submerged periods and increasing of water depth.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
More than ninety percent of seeds remained alive after eight months of in situ submergence.
- Taxon
- Xanthium sibiricum
Xanthium sibiricumt0 - Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- seeds even submerged in situ for even eight months were still alivee0
- Value
- more than ninety percente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more than ninety percent of seeds even submerged in situ for even eight months were still alive”
t0“Xanthium sibiricum”
Claim · model-written summary
In situ inundation significantly depressed seed germination at 25 ℃.
- Taxon
- Xanthium sibiricumXanthium sibiricumt0
- Treatment
- in situ inundatede0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- depressede0
- Qualifier
- 25 ℃e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination rate of in situ inundated seeds at 25 ℃ was significantly depressed and was negatively related with submerged period”
t0“Xanthium sibiricum”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination rate declined with longer submergence.
- Taxon
- Xanthium sibiricumXanthium sibiricumt0
- Treatment
- submerged periode0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- negatively relatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination rate of in situ inundated seeds at 25 ℃ was significantly depressed and was negatively related with submerged period”
t0“Xanthium sibiricum”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry-stored burr seeds had germination rates indistinguishable from seeds at 160 m and 150 m drawdown elevations.
- Taxon
- Xanthium sibiricumXanthium sibiricumt0
- Treatment
- stored in dry and airy indoor environmente0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- not significantly differente0
- Comparator
- seeds placed in the drawdown area with 160 m and 150 m in elevatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination rate of the seeds with bur stored in dry and airy indoor environment was not significantly different with the germination rate of seeds placed in the drawdown area with 160 m and 150 m in elevation respectively”
t0“Xanthium sibiricum”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry-stored burr seeds germinated significantly less than seeds at 170 m elevation.
- Taxon
- Xanthium sibiricumXanthium sibiricumt0
- Treatment
- stored in dry and airy indoor environmente0
- Outcome
- germination ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- seeds placed in the drawdown area with 170 m in elevatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The germination rate of the seeds with bur stored in dry and airy indoor environment was not significantly different with the germination rate of seeds placed in the drawdown area with 160 m and 150 m in elevation respectively, but it was significantly lower than the germination rate of the seeds placed in the drawdown area with 170 m in elevation”
t0“Xanthium sibiricum”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight months of indoor submergence significantly improved all germination indicators.
- Taxon
- Xanthium sibiricumXanthium sibiricumt0
- Treatment
- eight months’ indoor submergencee0
- Outcome
- germination indicatorse0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All the germination indicators were significant improved after eight months’ indoor submergence”
t0“Xanthium sibiricum”
Claim · model-written summary
Short in situ submergence improved seed germination at common temperature.
- Taxon
- Xanthium sibiricumXanthium sibiricumt0
- Treatment
- short term in situ submergencee0
- Outcome
- germination of the seeds with burre0
- Direction
- improvee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“short term in situ submergence can improve germination of the seeds with burr at common temperature”
t0“Xanthium sibiricum”
Claim · model-written summary
Long in situ flooding depressed cocklebur seed germination.
- Taxon
- common cocklebure0
- Treatment
- long term in situ floodinge0
- Outcome
- germination of the seede0
- Direction
- depresse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“long term in situ flooding would depress germination of the seed of common cocklebur”
Claim · model-written summary
The negative effect of flooding strengthened with longer submergence and greater water depth.
- Taxon
- Xanthium sibiricumXanthium sibiricumt0
- Treatment
- submerged periods and increasing of water depthe0
- Outcome
- negative effect of flooding on germinatione0
- Direction
- strengthenede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The negative effect of flooding on germination strengthened as the prolonging of submerged periods and increasing of water depth”
t0“Xanthium sibiricum”
The same questions in other papers
storage · growth · Xanthium sibiricumPositive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
flooding · growth · Xanthium strumarium (cocklebur)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →flooding · growth · Xanthium sibiricumResults agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.