Abstract
Esashi, Y., Fuwa, Nn Kojima, K. and Hase, S. 1986. Light actions in the germination of cocklebur seeds. IV. Disappearance of red light-requirement for the germination of upper seeds subject to anoxia, chilling, cyanide or azide pretreatmenL—J. exp. Bot. 37: 1652–1662. The effects on the germination of positively photoblastic upper cocklebur (X anthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds by pretreating with anoxia, chilling, cyanide or azide, which stimulates their dark germination, were examined in relation to light actions. Prior to experiments, seeds were pre-soaked at 23 °C in the dark for 1 or 2 weeks to remove the pre-existing Pfr. When the prctreatment conditions were suboptimal for germination induction, the stimulating effects of the pretreatments on germination during a subsequent dark period at 23 °C were manifest only when seeds were irradiated with red light before or after the pretreatment Red light promotion was reversed by blue or far-red light treatment. However, both prc-chilling for 6 d at 8 °C and prctreatment with 1· 5 mol m − 3 NaN3 for 2 d could induce full germination without red light exposure. On the other hand, both pre-exposure to anoxia for 8 d and pretreatment with 30 mol m−3 KCN could induce the dark germination only when germination occurred at 33 °C which is known to augment the ratio of an alternative respiration flux to a cytochrome one. Moreover, the dark germination in response to these inductions were strongly inhibited by the inhibitors of alternative respiration, propyl gallate and benzohydroxamic acid, applied during a subsequent dark period. It was thus suggested that Pfr has some relation to the operation of two respiration systems of cocklebur seeds, but it is not indispensable to germination of this positively photoblastic seed.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Stimulation of germination by pretreatments under suboptimal conditions was manifest only with red light irradiation before or after the pretreatment.
- Taxon
- cocklebur
Xanthium strumariume0 - Treatment
- red lighte1
- Outcome
- germinatione1
- Direction
- increaseinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upper cocklebur (X anthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e1“the stimulating effects of the pretreatments on germination during a subsequent dark period at 23 °C were manifest only when seeds were irradiated with red light before or after the pretreatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Red light promotion of germination was reversed by blue or far-red light.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- blue or far-red lighte2
- Outcome
- Red light promotione2
- Direction
- reversede2
- Comparator
- red lighte2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upper cocklebur (X anthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e2“Red light promotion was reversed by blue or far-red light treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Chilling for 6 d at 8 °C induced full germination of cocklebur seeds without red light.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- chilling for 6 d at 8 °Ce3
- Outcome
- full germinatione3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Comparator
- without red light exposuree3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upper cocklebur (X anthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e3“both prc-chilling for 6 d at 8 °C and prctreatment with 1· 5 mol m − 3 NaN3 for 2 d could induce full germination without red light exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
NaN3 pretreatment for 2 d induced full germination of cocklebur seeds without red light.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- NaN3 for 2 de3
- Outcome
- full germinatione3
- Direction
- increaseinferrede3
- Comparator
- without red light exposuree3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upper cocklebur (X anthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e3“both prc-chilling for 6 d at 8 °C and prctreatment with 1· 5 mol m − 3 NaN3 for 2 d could induce full germination without red light exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-exposure to anoxia for 8 d induced dark germination of cocklebur seeds only when germination occurred at 33 °C.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- pre-exposure to anoxia for 8 de5
- Outcome
- dark germinatione5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Qualifier
- only when germination occurred at 33 °Ce5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upper cocklebur (X anthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e5“both pre-exposure to anoxia for 8 d and pretreatment with 30 mol m−3 KCN could induce the dark germination only when germination occurred at 33 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
KCN pretreatment induced dark germination of cocklebur seeds only when germination occurred at 33 °C.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- KCNe5
- Outcome
- dark germinatione5
- Direction
- increaseinferrede5
- Qualifier
- only when germination occurred at 33 °Ce5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upper cocklebur (X anthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e5“both pre-exposure to anoxia for 8 d and pretreatment with 30 mol m−3 KCN could induce the dark germination only when germination occurred at 33 °C”
Claim · model-written summary
Propyl gallate, an inhibitor of alternative respiration, strongly inhibited dark germination induced by these treatments.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- propyl gallatee6
- Outcome
- dark germinatione6
- Direction
- inhibitede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upper cocklebur (X anthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e6“the dark germination in response to these inductions were strongly inhibited by the inhibitors of alternative respiration, propyl gallate and benzohydroxamic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Benzohydroxamic acid, an inhibitor of alternative respiration, strongly inhibited dark germination induced by these treatments.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Treatment
- benzohydroxamic acide6
- Outcome
- dark germinatione6
- Direction
- inhibitede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upper cocklebur (X anthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e6“the dark germination in response to these inductions were strongly inhibited by the inhibitors of alternative respiration, propyl gallate and benzohydroxamic acid”
Claim · model-written summary
Pfr may have some relation to the operation of two respiration systems in cocklebur seeds, but is not indispensable to germination.
- Taxon
- cockleburXanthium strumariume0
- Compound
- Pfre7
- Outcome
- germinatione7
- Qualifier
- not indispensable to germinatione7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“upper cocklebur (X anthium pennsylvanicum Wallr.) seeds”
e7“It was thus suggested that Pfr has some relation to the operation of two respiration systems of cocklebur seeds, but it is not indispensable to germination of this positively photoblastic seed”
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