Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to study the responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi Glomus coronatum,G.mosseae,G.intraradices,G.aggregatum and G.etunicatum to copper contamination.In copper polluted soil,G.intraradices inoculation increased shoot and root fresh weights,plant height and main root length,the order of mycorrhizal dependency was G.intraradices G.mosseaeG.etunicatum G.aggregatum G.coronatum.White clover inoculated with AM fungi(G.coronatum excluded) maintained higher peroxidase and catalase activities,G.intraradices inoculation also increased superoxide dismutase activity,and G.intraradices,G.etunicatum and G.coronatum infection decreased malondialdehyde contents in shoots relative to corresponding non-AM control,there were more chlorophyll contents in AM plants,as well as higher proline contents in G.intraradices,G.mosseae and G.coronatum inoculated plants.G.intraradices and G.etunicatum inoculation significantly increased copper(Cu) contents in shoots and roots,while G.mosseae infection also increased Cu content in root,however,G.coronatum inoculation decreased Cu content in root,and ratio of Cu in shoot colonized by G.intraradices was the highest among the five treatments.Inoculation with AM fungi(G.coronatum excluded) increased zinc contents in shoots and roots,G.intraradices and G.etunicatum infection increased phosphorus(P) contents in shoots and roots,meanwhile,P contents were higher in G.aggregatum and G.coronatum inoculated shoots than in non-AM shoots.AM symbiosis increased potassium(K) contents in root significantly,but had little influences on K contents in shoot,G.intraradices treatment increased magnesium(Mg) content in shoots,and AM infection(G.etunicatum excluded) increased Mg contents in root markedly,in addition,AM fungi inoculation increased calcium contents in shoots(G.aggregatum excluded) and roots(G.coronatum excluded).In summary,G.intraradices inoculation was most beneficial to remediation of Cu contaminated soil by white clover,followed by G.etunicatum inoculation,and the effect of G.coronatum inoculation was relatively weak.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
G.intraradices inoculation increased shoot and root fresh weights of white clover in copper polluted soil.
- Taxon
- white clover
Trifolium repense0 - Treatment
- G.intraradices inoculatione1
- Interactor
- G.intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese1symbiont
- Outcome
- shoot and root fresh weightse1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- copper polluted soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“In copper polluted soil,G.intraradices inoculation increased shoot and root fresh weights,plant height and main root length”
Claim · model-written summary
G.intraradices inoculation increased plant height and main root length of white clover in copper polluted soil.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- G.intraradices inoculatione1
- Interactor
- G.intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese1symbiont
- Outcome
- plant height and main root lengthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Setting
- copper polluted soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“In copper polluted soil,G.intraradices inoculation increased shoot and root fresh weights,plant height and main root length”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi (G.coronatum excluded) maintained higher peroxidase and catalase activities in white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- AM fungie2
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae2symbiont
- Outcome
- peroxidase and catalase activitiese2
- Direction
- highere2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e2“White clover inoculated with AM fungi(G.coronatum excluded) maintained higher peroxidase and catalase activities”
Claim · model-written summary
G.intraradices inoculation increased superoxide dismutase activity in white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- G.intraradices inoculatione3
- Interactor
- G.intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese3symbiont
- Outcome
- superoxide dismutase activitye3
- Direction
- increasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e3“G.intraradices inoculation also increased superoxide dismutase activity”
Claim · model-written summary
G.intraradices, G.etunicatum and G.coronatum infection decreased malondialdehyde contents in white clover shoots relative to non-AM control.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- G.intraradices,G.etunicatum and G.coronatum infectione4
- Interactor
- G.intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese4symbiont
- Second interactor
- G.etunicatume4symbiont
- Outcome
- malondialdehyde contents in shootse4
- Direction
- decreasede4
- Comparator
- non-AM controle4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e4“G.intraradices,G.etunicatum and G.coronatum infection decreased malondialdehyde contents in shoots relative to corresponding non-AM control”
Claim · model-written summary
AM plants of white clover had more chlorophyll contents than non-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- AM plantse5
- Outcome
- chlorophyll contentse5
- Direction
- moree5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e5“there were more chlorophyll contents in AM plants”
Claim · model-written summary
G.intraradices, G.mosseae and G.coronatum inoculation increased proline contents in white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- G.intraradices,G.mosseae and G.coronatum inoculated plantse6
- Interactor
- G.intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese6symbiont
- Second interactor
- G.mosseae
Funneliformis mosseaee6symbiont - Outcome
- proline contentse6
- Direction
- highere6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e6“as well as higher proline contents in G.intraradices,G.mosseae and G.coronatum inoculated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
G.intraradices and G.etunicatum inoculation significantly increased copper contents in shoots and roots of white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- G.intraradices and G.etunicatum inoculatione7
- Interactor
- G.intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese7symbiont
- Second interactor
- G.etunicatume7symbiont
- Outcome
- copper(Cu) contents in shoots and rootse7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e7“G.intraradices and G.etunicatum inoculation significantly increased copper(Cu) contents in shoots and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
G.mosseae infection increased Cu content in root of white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- G.mosseae infectione1
- Interactor
- G.mosseaeFunneliformis mosseaee1symbiont
- Outcome
- Cu content in roote1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“while G.mosseae infection also increased Cu content in root”
Claim · model-written summary
G.coronatum inoculation decreased Cu content in root of white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- G.coronatum inoculatione1
- Interactor
- G.coronatumFunneliformis coronatuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- Cu content in roote1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“however,G.coronatum inoculation decreased Cu content in root”
Claim · model-written summary
The ratio of Cu in shoot colonized by G.intraradices was the highest among the five treatments.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- G.intraradicese1
- Interactor
- G.intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese1symbiont
- Outcome
- ratio of Cu in shoote1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Comparator
- the five treatmentse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“ratio of Cu in shoot colonized by G.intraradices was the highest among the five treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi inoculation increased zinc contents in shoots and roots of white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- Inoculation with AM fungie1
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae1symbiont
- Outcome
- zinc contents in shoots and rootse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“Inoculation with AM fungi(G.coronatum excluded) increased zinc contents in shoots and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
G.intraradices and G.etunicatum infection increased phosphorus contents in shoots and roots of white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- G.intraradices and G.etunicatum infectione1
- Interactor
- G.intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese1symbiont
- Second interactor
- G.etunicatume1symbiont
- Outcome
- phosphorus(P) contents in shoots and rootse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“G.intraradices and G.etunicatum infection increased phosphorus(P) contents in shoots and roots”
Claim · model-written summary
G.aggregatum and G.coronatum inoculation gave higher P contents in white clover shoots than non-AM shoots.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- G.aggregatum and G.coronatum inoculatede1
- Interactor
- G.aggregatumRhizophagus aggregatuse1symbiont
- Second interactor
- G.coronatumFunneliformis coronatuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- P contentse1
- Direction
- highere1
- Comparator
- non-AM shootse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“P contents were higher in G.aggregatum and G.coronatum inoculated shoots than in non-AM shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
AM symbiosis significantly increased potassium contents in roots of white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- AM symbiosise1
- Outcome
- potassium(K) contents in roote1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“AM symbiosis increased potassium(K) contents in root significantly”
Claim · model-written summary
G.intraradices treatment increased magnesium contents in shoots of white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- G.intraradices treatmente1
- Interactor
- G.intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese1symbiont
- Outcome
- magnesium(Mg) content in shootse1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“G.intraradices treatment increased magnesium(Mg) content in shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
AM infection markedly increased Mg contents in roots of white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- AM infectione1
- Outcome
- Mg contents in roote1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Qualifier
- markedlye1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“AM infection(G.etunicatum excluded) increased Mg contents in root markedly”
Claim · model-written summary
AM fungi inoculation increased calcium contents in shoots and roots of white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- AM fungi inoculatione1
- Interactor
- AM fungiGlomeromycotae1symbiont
- Outcome
- calcium contents in shoots(G.aggregatum excluded) and roots(G.coronatum excluded)e1
- Direction
- increasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“AM fungi inoculation increased calcium contents in shoots(G.aggregatum excluded) and roots(G.coronatum excluded)”
Claim · model-written summary
G.intraradices inoculation was most beneficial for remediation of Cu contaminated soil by white clover.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense1
- Treatment
- G.intraradices inoculatione1
- Interactor
- G.intraradicesRhizophagus intraradicese1symbiont
- Outcome
- remediation of Cu contaminated soile1
- Direction
- most beneficiale1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“G.intraradices inoculation was most beneficial to remediation of Cu contaminated soil by white clover”
Claim · model-written summary
The effect of G.coronatum inoculation on remediation was relatively weak.
- Taxon
- white cloverTrifolium repense0
- Treatment
- G.coronatum inoculatione1
- Interactor
- G.coronatumFunneliformis coronatuse1symbiont
- Outcome
- effect of G.coronatum inoculatione1
- Direction
- relatively weake1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“responses of white clover(Trifolium repens) inoculated with five arbuscular mycorrhizal(AM) fungi”
e1“the effect of G.coronatum inoculation was relatively weak”
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