Abstract
The effects of the toxicity of copper,cadmium(5 μmol/L and 50 μmol/L) on tomato seedlings growth and physiological and biochemical characteristics were investigated,using nutrient solution culture in greenhouse in this study.The testing indices included copper and cadmium contents,root activity,nitrate reductase activity,photosynthetic characteristics,ATPase and H+-PPase activities in biomembrane.The alleviating effect of exogenous nitric oxide under copper,cadmium stress was also discussed preliminarily.The results showed that copper,cadmium stress significantly restrained tomato growth.With the increase of stress degree,root activity and nitrate reductase activity declined dramatically,and the appearance of plant turned into worse.The copper,cadmium stress had a more severe effect on ion adsorption in roots than in leaves,particularly for copper.Copper stress at 50 μmol/L increased copper content by 12 times in tomato roots,but had no effect on cadmium content.The cadmium stress reduced copper absorption.The copper,cadmium stress dramatically decreased net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),and stomatal conductance(Gs),while enhanced the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci).The copper,cadmium stress(50 μmol/L) also remarkably depressed the activities of H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase in plasma membrane of leaves and roots,and the activities of H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase and H+-PPase in root vacuolar membrane,indicating the response time and location of function protein of biological membrane to copper and cadmium stress varied with stress levels.Copper toxicity damaged more on the plasma membrane,while cadmium toxicity injured more on vacuolar membrane.Addition of 100 μmol/L SNP(a NO donor) could significantly alleviate the inhibitory effects induced by excessive copper,cadmium,and increased the total absorption of copper and cadmium.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Copper and cadmium stress significantly restrained tomato growth.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Treatment
- copper,cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- tomato growthe0
- Direction
- restrainede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“copper,cadmium stress significantly restrained tomato growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing stress decreased root and nitrate reductase activity and worsened plant appearance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- increase of stress degreee0
- Outcome
- root activity and nitrate reductase activitye0
- Direction
- declinede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the increase of stress degree,root activity and nitrate reductase activity declined dramatically,and the appearance of plant turned into worse.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper and cadmium stress affected ion adsorption more strongly in roots than leaves, especially for copper.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- copper,cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- ion adsorptione0
- Direction
- more severee0
- Comparator
- leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The copper,cadmium stress had a more severe effect on ion adsorption in roots than in leaves,particularly for copper.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress at 50 μmol/L increased tomato root copper content 12-fold.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Treatment
- Copper stress at 50 μmol/Le0
- Outcome
- copper contente0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 12 timese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper stress at 50 μmol/L increased copper content by 12 times in tomato roots,but had no effect on cadmium content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper stress at 50 μmol/L did not affect cadmium content.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- Copper stress at 50 μmol/Le0
- Outcome
- cadmium contente0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper stress at 50 μmol/L increased copper content by 12 times in tomato roots,but had no effect on cadmium content.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress reduced copper absorption.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- copper absorptione0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The cadmium stress reduced copper absorption.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper and cadmium stress decreased net photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- copper,cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),and stomatal conductance(Gs)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The copper,cadmium stress dramatically decreased net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),and stomatal conductance(Gs),while enhanced the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci).”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper and cadmium stress increased intercellular CO2 concentration.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- copper,cadmium stresse0
- Outcome
- intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)e0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The copper,cadmium stress dramatically decreased net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr),and stomatal conductance(Gs),while enhanced the intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci).”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 μmol/L, copper and cadmium stress depressed leaf and root plasma membrane H+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase activities.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- copper,cadmium stress(50 μmol/L)e0
- Outcome
- activities of H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase in plasma membrane of leaves and rootse0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The copper,cadmium stress(50 μmol/L) also remarkably depressed the activities of H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase in plasma membrane of leaves and roots,and the activities of H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase and H+-PPase in root vacuolar membrane”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
At 50 μmol/L, copper and cadmium stress depressed root vacuolar membrane H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase and H+-PPase activities.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- copper,cadmium stress(50 μmol/L)e0
- Outcome
- activities of H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase and H+-PPase in root vacuolar membranee0
- Direction
- depressede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The copper,cadmium stress(50 μmol/L) also remarkably depressed the activities of H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase in plasma membrane of leaves and roots,and the activities of H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase and H+-PPase in root vacuolar membrane”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Copper toxicity damaged the plasma membrane more, whereas cadmium toxicity damaged the vacuolar membrane more.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Copper toxicitye0
- Outcome
- plasma membranee0
- Direction
- damaged moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper toxicity damaged more on the plasma membrane,while cadmium toxicity injured more on vacuolar membrane.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium toxicity damaged the vacuolar membrane more.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- cadmium toxicitye0
- Outcome
- vacuolar membranee0
- Direction
- injured moree0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Copper toxicity damaged more on the plasma membrane,while cadmium toxicity injured more on vacuolar membrane.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 100 μmol/L SNP significantly alleviated inhibitory effects of excess copper and cadmium.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 100 μmol/L SNPe0
- Outcome
- inhibitory effects induced by excessive copper,cadmiume0
- Direction
- alleviatee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 100 μmol/L SNP(a NO donor) could significantly alleviate the inhibitory effects induced by excessive copper,cadmium,and increased the total absorption of copper and cadmium.”
t0“tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Adding 100 μmol/L SNP increased total absorption of copper and cadmium.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 100 μmol/L SNPe0
- Outcome
- total absorption of copper and cadmiume0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Addition of 100 μmol/L SNP(a NO donor) could significantly alleviate the inhibitory effects induced by excessive copper,cadmium,and increased the total absorption of copper and cadmium.”
t0“tomato”
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8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.