Abstract
In order to investigate the effects of nighttime warming and no-tillage on soybean growth and its uptake and utilization of nitrogen( N) and phosphorus( P),field nighttime warming system was designed in trial field in Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology. The experiments were conducted with four treatments,that is,normal nighttime temperature with traditional tillage( CK),nighttime warming with traditional tillage( W),normal nighttime temperature with no-tillage( NT),and nighttime warming with no-tillage( WNT). The results showed that compared to CK,nighttime warming( W) significantly decreased plant biomass by 6%- 25% during the growing season( P 0. 05),whereas had little effect on grain yield,grains per plant,grain weight per plant,and 100- seed weight of soybean. During branching and flowering stages,warming reduced N accumulation by 30% and 20%,respectively,and P accumulation by 39% and 39%. No-tillage had a limited effect on grain yield and yield components,but significantly decreased plant biomass,translocation amounts and efficiencies of N and P( P 0. 01). Warming with no-tillage( WNT) treatment significantly decreased plant biomass and grain yield by 29% and 34%,respectively( P 0. 01). Moreover,grains per plant,grain weight per plant,and 100- seed weight of soybean were reduced by 22%,22% and 3%,respectively,under WNT treatment. Meanwhile,at maturity,N and P accumulations were 20% and 22% lower under WNT treatment than under CK treatment,respectively. Thus,this study indicated that grain yield and yield components of soybean were hardly affected by single factor like either nighttime warming or no-tillage,whereas nighttime warming with no-tillage significantly reduced grain yield of soybean and N and P accumulation. Therefore,it is unfavorable to soybean production by means of no-tillage under climate warming condition.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Compared with CK, nighttime warming significantly decreased soybean plant biomass by 6%-25% during the growing season.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- nighttime warming( W)e0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6%- 25%e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“compared to CK,nighttime warming( W) significantly decreased plant biomass by 6%- 25% during the growing season”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nighttime warming had little effect on soybean grain yield, grains per plant and grain weight per plant.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- nighttime warming( W)e0
- Outcome
- grain yield,grains per plant,grain weight per plante1
- Direction
- little effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“nighttime warming( W)”
e1“had little effect on grain yield,grains per plant,grain weight per plant,and 100- seed weight of soybean”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Nighttime warming had little effect on soybean 100-seed weight.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- nighttime warming( W)e0
- Outcome
- 100- seed weighte1
- Direction
- little effecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“nighttime warming( W)”
e1“had little effect on grain yield,grains per plant,grain weight per plant,and 100- seed weight of soybean”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At the branching stage, warming reduced soybean N accumulation by 30%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- branchinge0
- Treatment
- warminge0
- Outcome
- N accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 30%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“During branching and flowering stages,warming reduced N accumulation by 30% and 20%,respectively,and P accumulation by 39% and 39%”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At the flowering stage, warming reduced soybean N accumulation by 20%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Treatment
- warminge0
- Outcome
- N accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 20%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“During branching and flowering stages,warming reduced N accumulation by 30% and 20%,respectively,and P accumulation by 39% and 39%”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At the branching stage, warming reduced soybean P accumulation by 39%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- branchinge0
- Treatment
- warminge0
- Outcome
- P accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“During branching and flowering stages,warming reduced N accumulation by 30% and 20%,respectively,and P accumulation by 39% and 39%”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At the flowering stage, warming reduced soybean P accumulation by 39%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- floweringe0
- Treatment
- warminge0
- Outcome
- P accumulatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 39%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“During branching and flowering stages,warming reduced N accumulation by 30% and 20%,respectively,and P accumulation by 39% and 39%”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage had a limited effect on soybean grain yield and yield components.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- No-tillagee0
- Outcome
- grain yield and yield componentse0
- Direction
- limited effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“No-tillage had a limited effect on grain yield and yield components”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage significantly decreased soybean plant biomass, translocation amounts and efficiencies of N and P.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- No-tillagee0
- Outcome
- plant biomass,translocation amounts and efficiencies of N and Pe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“No-tillage had a limited effect on grain yield and yield components,but significantly decreased plant biomass,translocation amounts and efficiencies of N and P”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming with no-tillage significantly decreased soybean plant biomass by 29%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Warming with no-tillage( WNT)e0
- Outcome
- plant biomasse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 29%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Warming with no-tillage( WNT) treatment significantly decreased plant biomass and grain yield by 29% and 34%,respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Warming with no-tillage significantly decreased soybean grain yield by 34%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Warming with no-tillage( WNT)e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 34%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“Warming with no-tillage( WNT) treatment significantly decreased plant biomass and grain yield by 29% and 34%,respectively”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean grains per plant was reduced by 22% under warming with no-tillage.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- WNT treatmente0
- Outcome
- grains per plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“grains per plant,grain weight per plant,and 100- seed weight of soybean were reduced by 22%,22% and 3%,respectively,under WNT treatment”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean grain weight per plant was reduced by 22% under warming with no-tillage.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- WNT treatmente0
- Outcome
- grain weight per plante0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 22%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“grains per plant,grain weight per plant,and 100- seed weight of soybean were reduced by 22%,22% and 3%,respectively,under WNT treatment”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean 100- seed weight was reduced by 3% under warming with no-tillage.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- WNT treatmente0
- Outcome
- 100- seed weighte0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 3%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“grains per plant,grain weight per plant,and 100- seed weight of soybean were reduced by 22%,22% and 3%,respectively,under WNT treatment”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At maturity, soybean N accumulation was 20% lower under warming with no-tillage than under CK.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- maturitye0
- Treatment
- WNT treatmente0
- Outcome
- N and P accumulationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 20%e0
- Qualifier
- N and P accumulations were 20% and 22%e0
- Comparator
- CK treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“at maturity,N and P accumulations were 20% and 22% lower under WNT treatment than under CK treatment”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
At maturity, soybean P accumulation was 22% lower under warming with no-tillage than under CK.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Organ / stage
- maturitye0
- Treatment
- WNT treatmente0
- Outcome
- N and P accumulationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 22%e0
- Qualifier
- P accumulatione0
- Comparator
- CK treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“at maturity,N and P accumulations were 20% and 22% lower under WNT treatment than under CK treatment”
t0“Soybean”
Claim · model-written summary
No-tillage under climate warming is unfavorable to soybean production.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- unfavorable to soybean production by means of no-tillage under climate warming conditione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Verbatim
e0“it is unfavorable to soybean production by means of no-tillage under climate warming condition”
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