Abstract
The predatory capacities and functional responses of the mirid bug, Cyrtorhinus lividipennis Reuter, on the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stl, on rice plants with different nitrogen contents and the effects of the rice sap and BPH honeydew on its predatory function were determined in the laboratory at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines. The results showed that the predatory capacities of C. lividipennis on BPH eggs and young nymphs were negatively related to the nitrogen content of host plants, while no significant difference in predatory capacities was recorded between C. lividipennis populations successively fed on host plants applied with 0 kg N/ha and 200 kg N/ha nitrogen fertilizer for 2 generations. The functional responses of C. lividipennis populations on BPH eggs belonged to typical Holling II, and the instantaneous rate of discovery (a) and handling times (T_h) were strongly affected by nitrogen contents in host plants. The instantaneous rate of discovery reduced obviously resulted in the lower functional responses on the host plants applied with high nitrogen rate; however, the similar response shapes of different populations were found on the plants with the same nitrogen regime. Furthermore, the influences of rice sap from the plants and honeydew of the BPH females fed on the plants with high nitrogen regime on the extension of longevities of the adults of C. lividipennis were higher than those on the plants with low nitrogen regime. However, the honeydew of BPH on the plants with high nitrogen regime significantly decreased the predatory capacity of C. lividipennis on BPH eggs. These results implied that the reduction of C. lividipennis natural control function should be one of the crucial factors to induce the outbreak of BPH population in rice fields applied with excessive nitrogenous fertilizer.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Predation of BPH eggs and young nymphs by C. lividipennis was negatively related to rice nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae1 - Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Second interactor
- C. lividipennis
Cyrtorhinus lividipennise0biocontrol_agent - Compound
- nitrogen contente0
- Outcome
- predatory capacities of C. lividipennis on BPH eggs and young nymphse0
- Direction
- negativelye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results showed that the predatory capacities of C. lividipennis on BPH eggs and young nymphs were negatively related to the nitrogen content of host plants”
e1“rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Two generations of feeding under 0 versus 200 kg N/ha did not yield a significant predator capacity difference.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- 200 kg N/ha nitrogen fertilizere0
- Interactor
- Nilaparvata lugens Stl
Nilaparvata lugense2pest - Second interactor
- C. lividipennisCyrtorhinus lividipennise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- predatory capacitiese0
- Direction
- no significant differencee0
- Qualifier
- for 2 generationse0
- Comparator
- 0 kg N/hae0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no significant difference in predatory capacities was recorded between C. lividipennis populations successively fed on host plants applied with 0 kg N/ha and 200 kg N/ha nitrogen fertilizer for 2 generations.”
e1“rice plants”
e2“Nilaparvata lugens Stl”
Claim · model-written summary
Predator functional responses on BPH eggs followed Holling II.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Second interactor
- C. lividipennisCyrtorhinus lividipennise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- functional responses of C. lividipennis populations on BPH eggs belonged to typical Holling IIe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The functional responses of C. lividipennis populations on BPH eggs belonged to typical Holling II”
e1“rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Predator instantaneous discovery rate was strongly affected by rice nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- BPHe2pest
- Second interactor
- C. lividipennisCyrtorhinus lividipennise2biocontrol_agent
- Compound
- nitrogen contentse0
- Outcome
- instantaneous rate of discovery (a)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the instantaneous rate of discovery (a) and handling times (T_h) were strongly affected by nitrogen contents in host plants.”
e1“rice plants”
e2“C. lividipennis populations on BPH eggs”
Claim · model-written summary
Predator handling time was strongly affected by rice nitrogen content.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- BPHe2pest
- Second interactor
- C. lividipennisCyrtorhinus lividipennise2biocontrol_agent
- Compound
- nitrogen contentse0
- Outcome
- handling times (T_h)e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the instantaneous rate of discovery (a) and handling times (T_h) were strongly affected by nitrogen contents in host plants.”
e1“rice plants”
e2“C. lividipennis populations on BPH eggs”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen reduced predator discovery rate and functional responses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- high nitrogen ratee0
- Interactor
- BPHe2pest
- Second interactor
- C. lividipennisCyrtorhinus lividipennise2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- instantaneous rate of discoverye0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The instantaneous rate of discovery reduced obviously resulted in the lower functional responses on the host plants applied with high nitrogen rate”
e1“rice plants”
e2“C. lividipennis populations on BPH eggs”
Claim · model-written summary
High nitrogen lowered predator functional responses.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- high nitrogen ratee0
- Interactor
- BPHe2pest
- Second interactor
- C. lividipennisCyrtorhinus lividipennise2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- functional responsese0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The instantaneous rate of discovery reduced obviously resulted in the lower functional responses on the host plants applied with high nitrogen rate”
e1“rice plants”
e2“C. lividipennis populations on BPH eggs”
Claim · model-written summary
Predator populations showed similar response shapes under the same nitrogen regime.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Interactor
- BPHe2pest
- Second interactor
- C. lividipennisCyrtorhinus lividipennise2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- similar response shapese0
- Qualifier
- same nitrogen regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the similar response shapes of different populations were found on the plants with the same nitrogen regime.”
e1“rice plants”
e2“C. lividipennis populations on BPH eggs”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice sap from high nitrogen plants extended predator adult longevity more than sap from low nitrogen plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- rice sap from the plantse0
- Interactor
- C. lividipennisCyrtorhinus lividipennise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- extension of longevities of the adults of C. lividipennise0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- high nitrogen regimee0
- Comparator
- plants with low nitrogen regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the influences of rice sap from the plants and honeydew of the BPH females fed on the plants with high nitrogen regime on the extension of longevities of the adults of C. lividipennis were higher than those on the plants with low nitrogen regime.”
e1“rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BPH honeydew from high nitrogen plants extended predator adult longevity more than honeydew from low nitrogen plants.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- honeydew of the BPH femalese0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Second interactor
- C. lividipennisCyrtorhinus lividipennise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- extension of longevities of the adults of C. lividipennise0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- high nitrogen regimee0
- Comparator
- plants with low nitrogen regimee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the influences of rice sap from the plants and honeydew of the BPH females fed on the plants with high nitrogen regime on the extension of longevities of the adults of C. lividipennis were higher than those on the plants with low nitrogen regime.”
e1“rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
BPH honeydew from high nitrogen rice significantly decreased predator capacity on BPH eggs.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae1
- Treatment
- honeydew of BPHe0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Second interactor
- C. lividipennisCyrtorhinus lividipennise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- predatory capacity of C. lividipennis on BPH eggse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- high nitrogen regimee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the honeydew of BPH on the plants with high nitrogen regime significantly decreased the predatory capacity of C. lividipennis on BPH eggs.”
e1“rice plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors inferred reduced predator control may contribute to BPH outbreaks in excessively fertilized rice fields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- BPHe0pest
- Second interactor
- C. lividipennisCyrtorhinus lividipennise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- outbreak of BPH populatione0
- Qualifier
- reduction of C. lividipennis natural control functione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the reduction of C. lividipennis natural control function should be one of the crucial factors to induce the outbreak of BPH population in rice fields applied with excessive nitrogenous fertilizer.”
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See all 12 papers →fertilization · Nilaparvata lugens · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 5 reporting no difference from an alternative
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See all 12 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.