Abstract
Active chemicals were found to be present in the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens head extract that induced rice plants to release volatiles attractive to Anagrus nilaparvatae, an egg parasitoid of N. lugens and were shown to belong mainly to proteins. The activity of the extract was lost when stored at -15--20℃ for 72days, but it was retained for at least 5 weeks. Among volatiles emitted from rice plants that were wounded and treated with either α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, α-amylase, or β-amylase, which are the four main enzymes present in the saliva of N. lugens, only were volatiles emitted from β-glucosidase-treated plants capable of attracting the parasitoid. The parasitoid showed no preferences for volatiles released from N. lugens-damaged plants compared to those from plants that were wounded and treated with either N. lugens head extract, proteins isolated from the extract or β-glucosidase. Volatiles released from rice plants that were elicited by N. lugens head extract, proteins isolated from the extract or β-glucosidase were similar to those from N. lugens-infested plants. These results suggest an important role of proteins, especially β-glucosidase in the saliva of N. lugens in the production of N. lugens-induced rice volatiles. The possible nature of the active chemicals in the saliva of N. lugens and the potential mechanism by which they induce volatiles production were discussed in the paper.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Planthopper head extract induced rice volatiles attractive to Anagrus nilaparvatae.
- Taxon
- rice plants
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- Nilaparvata lugens head extracte0
- Interactor
- Nilaparvata lugens
Nilaparvata lugense0pest - Second interactor
- Anagrus nilaparvataeAnagrus nilaparvataee0other
- Outcome
- volatiles attractive to Anagrus nilaparvataee0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens head extract that induced rice plants to release volatiles attractive to Anagrus nilaparvatae”
Claim · model-written summary
The active constituents of the extract were mainly proteins.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Interactor
- Nilaparvata lugensNilaparvata lugense0pest
- Outcome
- Active chemicalse0
- Qualifier
- mainly to proteinse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Active chemicals were found to be present in the rice brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens head extract that induced rice plants to release volatiles attractive to Anagrus nilaparvatae, an egg parasitoid of N. lugens and were shown to belong mainly to proteins”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract activity was lost after storage at -15--20℃ for 72 days.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- activity of the extracte0
- Direction
- loste0
- Qualifier
- stored at -15--20℃ for 72dayse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The activity of the extract was lost when stored at -15--20℃ for 72days”
t0“rice volatiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Extract activity persisted for at least 5 weeks.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- it was retainede0
- Value
- at least 5 weekse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but it was retained for at least 5 weeks”
t0“rice volatiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Among four tested enzymes, β-glucosidase elicited rice volatiles that attracted the parasitoid.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- β-glucosidase-treatede0
- Interactor
- N. lugensNilaparvata lugense0pest
- Gene
- β-glucosidasee0
- Outcome
- volatiles emitted from β-glucosidase-treated plants capable of attracting the parasitoide0
- Comparator
- α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, α-amylase, or β-amylasee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Among volatiles emitted from rice plants that were wounded and treated with either α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, α-amylase, or β-amylase, which are the four main enzymes present in the saliva of N. lugens, only were volatiles emitted from β-glucosidase-treated plants capable of attracting the parasitoid”
Claim · model-written summary
The parasitoid did not prefer volatiles from planthopper-damaged rice over head-extract-treated rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N. lugens-damagede0
- Interactor
- N. lugensNilaparvata lugense0pest
- Outcome
- parasitoid showed no preferences for volatilese0
- Direction
- no preferencese0
- Comparator
- N. lugens head extracte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The parasitoid showed no preferences for volatiles released from N. lugens-damaged plants compared to those from plants that were wounded and treated with either N. lugens head extract, proteins isolated from the extract or β-glucosidase”
t0“rice volatiles”
Claim · model-written summary
The parasitoid did not prefer volatiles from planthopper-damaged rice over protein-treated rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N. lugens-damagede0
- Interactor
- N. lugensNilaparvata lugense0pest
- Outcome
- parasitoid showed no preferences for volatilese0
- Direction
- no preferencese0
- Comparator
- proteins isolated from the extracte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The parasitoid showed no preferences for volatiles released from N. lugens-damaged plants compared to those from plants that were wounded and treated with either N. lugens head extract, proteins isolated from the extract or β-glucosidase”
t0“rice volatiles”
Claim · model-written summary
The parasitoid did not prefer volatiles from planthopper-damaged rice over β-glucosidase-treated rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- N. lugens-damagede0
- Interactor
- N. lugensNilaparvata lugense0pest
- Outcome
- parasitoid showed no preferences for volatilese0
- Direction
- no preferencese0
- Comparator
- β-glucosidasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The parasitoid showed no preferences for volatiles released from N. lugens-damaged plants compared to those from plants that were wounded and treated with either N. lugens head extract, proteins isolated from the extract or β-glucosidase”
t0“rice volatiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatiles elicited by head extract resembled those from infested rice.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- N. lugens head extracte0
- Interactor
- N. lugensNilaparvata lugense0pest
- Outcome
- Volatiles releasede0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- N. lugens-infested plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volatiles released from rice plants that were elicited by N. lugens head extract, proteins isolated from the extract or β-glucosidase were similar to those from N. lugens-infested plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatiles elicited by isolated extract proteins resembled those from infested rice.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- proteins isolated from the extracte0
- Interactor
- N. lugensNilaparvata lugense0pest
- Outcome
- Volatiles releasede0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- N. lugens-infested plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volatiles released from rice plants that were elicited by N. lugens head extract, proteins isolated from the extract or β-glucosidase were similar to those from N. lugens-infested plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatiles elicited by β-glucosidase resembled those from infested rice.
- Taxon
- rice plantsOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- β-glucosidasee0
- Interactor
- N. lugensNilaparvata lugense0pest
- Gene
- β-glucosidasee0
- Outcome
- Volatiles releasede0
- Direction
- similare0
- Comparator
- N. lugens-infested plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Volatiles released from rice plants that were elicited by N. lugens head extract, proteins isolated from the extract or β-glucosidase were similar to those from N. lugens-infested plants”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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- negative
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See all 86 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.