Abstract
Variation in the total protein content of barley grain can be attributed to environmental and genetic effects. Characterisation of protein quality in terms of amino acid composition, especially the essential or limiting amino acids, is important when formulating diets for growing pigs and chickens. Two experiments were conducted to determine the variation in grain yield and quality caused by location, cultivar and nitrogen (N) fertiliser application. In the first experiment, grain N did not differ among four cultivars, but variation between nine sites was large (1.37 to 1.94%). Cultivar ranking within sites was consistent. The cv. Nugget invariably had highest grain N content and cv. Dash had the lowest. Cultivars differed in their amino acid composition. In the second experiment, cv. Nugget had a better feed value than cv. Dash because of its higher grain N concentration and improved complement of amino acids. This was consistent over the range of N applied (0-160 kg/ha). Nitrogen fertiliser improved the protein content and generally increased the concentration of amino acids. It also significantly increased N uptake and grain yield as well as improving protein quality. Split N fertiliser applications at sowing and tillering had no effect on yield compared with a single application at sowing, although there was a small significant (P<0.05) improvement in the total grain protein content. Cultivar choice was an important factor in management for improved yield and quality.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
Grain N did not differ among four barley cultivars.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaret0 - Material
- four cultivarse0
- Outcome
- grain Ne0
- Direction
- did not differe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“feed barley”
e0“grain N did not differ among four cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley grain N varied substantially between nine sites, from 1.37 to 1.94%.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“feed barley”
e0“grain N did not differ among four cultivars, but variation between nine sites was large (1.37 to 1.94%)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar ranking within sites was consistent.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- Cultivar ranking within sites was consistente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Cultivar ranking within sites was consistent.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nugget had the highest grain N content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Nuggete0
- Outcome
- grain N contente0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“The cv. Nugget invariably had highest grain N content”
Claim · model-written summary
Dash had the lowest grain N content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Dashe0
- Outcome
- grain N contente0
- Direction
- loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“The cv. Nugget invariably had highest grain N content and cv. Dash had the lowest.”
Claim · model-written summary
Barley cultivars differed in amino acid composition.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- amino acid compositione0
- Direction
- differede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Cultivars differed in their amino acid composition.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nugget had better feed value than Dash across applied N levels from 0-160 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Nuggete0
- Outcome
- feed valuee0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Qualifier
- over the range of N applied (0-160 kg/ha)e0
- Comparator
- Dashe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“cv. Nugget had a better feed value than cv. Dash because of its higher grain N concentration and improved complement of amino acids. This was consistent over the range of N applied (0-160 kg/ha).”
Claim · model-written summary
Nugget had higher grain N concentration than Dash.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Nuggete0
- Outcome
- grain N concentratione0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Dashe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“cv. Nugget had a better feed value than cv. Dash because of its higher grain N concentration”
Claim · model-written summary
Nugget had an improved amino acid complement relative to Dash.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Material
- Nuggete0
- Outcome
- complement of amino acidse0
- Direction
- improvede0
- Comparator
- Dashe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“cv. Nugget had a better feed value than cv. Dash because of its higher grain N concentration and improved complement of amino acids”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertiliser improved grain protein content.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilisere0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Nitrogen fertiliser improved the protein content”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertiliser generally increased amino acid concentration.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilisere0
- Outcome
- concentration of amino acidse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- generallye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Nitrogen fertiliser improved the protein content and generally increased the concentration of amino acids.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertiliser significantly increased N uptake.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilisere0
- Outcome
- N uptakee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Nitrogen fertiliser improved the protein content and generally increased the concentration of amino acids. It also significantly increased N uptake and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertiliser significantly increased grain yield.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilisere0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Nitrogen fertiliser improved the protein content and generally increased the concentration of amino acids. It also significantly increased N uptake and grain yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertiliser improved protein quality.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Nitrogen fertilisere0
- Outcome
- protein qualitye0
- Direction
- improvinge0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Nitrogen fertiliser improved the protein content and generally increased the concentration of amino acids. It also significantly increased N uptake and grain yield as well as improving protein quality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Split N application at sowing and tillering did not change yield compared with one sowing application.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Split N fertiliser applications at sowing and tilleringe0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
- Comparator
- a single application at sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Split N fertiliser applications at sowing and tillering had no effect on yield compared with a single application at sowing”
Claim · model-written summary
Split N application slightly but significantly improved total grain protein content relative to one sowing application.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Treatment
- Split N fertiliser applications at sowing and tilleringe0
- Outcome
- total grain protein contente0
- Direction
- improvemente0
- Qualifier
- smalle0
- Comparator
- a single application at sowinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Split N fertiliser applications at sowing and tillering had no effect on yield compared with a single application at sowing, although there was a small significant (P<0.05) improvement in the total grain protein content.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors regarded cultivar choice as important for improving yield and quality.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaret0
- Outcome
- Cultivar choicee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“barley”
e0“Cultivar choice was an important factor in management for improved yield and quality.”
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