Abstract
Abstract Interactions of soil water and nitrogen (N) fertiliser application on the quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta') for malting were studied in a rain shelter experiment at Lincoln, New Zealand. Treatments were arranged in a factorial design, consisting of five levels of soil water (fully irrigated, rain‐fed, early drought, late drought, and full drought) and four levels of N fertiliser (nil, 1 × 50, 2 × 50, and 3 × 50 kg N/ha). N treatments were applied at emergence, appearance of the second node, and at flowering, respectively. Variables indicative of grain quality (N concentration, grain size, and screenings) and micro‐malting characters (water uptake, malting loss, N index, wort‐N, β‐glucan, fine extract, coarse extract, and fine‐coarse difference) were evaluated for responses to the water and N treatments. Drought influenced the distribution pattern of kernel mass along the main stem and tiller spikes and also influenced the relative proportions of grain in the standard size categories. The level of N fertiliser had little effect on the kernel size properties. Screenings originated from both the proximal and distal ends of tiller spikes and from the proximal end of the main stem spike. The less severely water stressed treatments had fewer small kernels and mean weight of kernels was greater over all kernel positions. Grain N concentration responded to N fertiliser application but was unresponsive to water treatment. The reverse was true for kernel size and the malting characters of water uptake, malting loss, extract levels, and fine/coarse difference. Drought increased the levels of wort β‐glucan and lowered wort N and N index whereas N fertiliser caused an increase in wort β‐glucan and wort N but lowered the N index. Interactions between water and N effects were only significant for the latter. Both the timing of drought and fertiliser treatment had strong effects on the biochemical and physical characteristics of grain.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Drought changed kernel mass distribution along main stem and tiller spikes.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- distribution pattern of kernel masse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Drought influenced the distribution pattern of kernel mass along the main stem and tiller spikes”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought changed proportions of grain in standard size categories.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- Droughte1
- Outcome
- relative proportions of grain in the standard size categoriese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“also influenced the relative proportions of grain in the standard size categories”
e1“Drought influenced”
e2“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer level had little effect on kernel size properties.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- N fertilisere0
- Outcome
- kernel size propertiese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The level of N fertiliser had little effect on the kernel size properties.”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Screenings originated at both ends of tiller spikes and the proximal main stem spike.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Outcome
- Screenings originated from both the proximal and distal ends of tiller spikes and from the proximal end of the main stem spikee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Screenings originated from both the proximal and distal ends of tiller spikes and from the proximal end of the main stem spike.”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Less water stress yielded fewer small kernels.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- less severely water stressed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- small kernelse0
- Direction
- fewere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The less severely water stressed treatments had fewer small kernels”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Less water stress yielded greater mean kernel weight across positions.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- less severely water stressed treatmentse1
- Outcome
- mean weight of kernelse0
- Direction
- greatere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mean weight of kernels was greater over all kernel positions”
e1“less severely water stressed treatments”
e2“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain nitrogen concentration responded to nitrogen fertilizer but not water treatment.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- N fertiliser applicatione0
- Outcome
- Grain N concentratione0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Grain N concentration responded to N fertiliser application but was unresponsive to water treatment.”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Kernel size responded to water treatment but not nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- water treatmente1
- Outcome
- kernel sizee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reverse was true for kernel size and the malting characters of water uptake, malting loss, extract levels, and fine/coarse difference.”
e1“Grain N concentration responded to N fertiliser application but was unresponsive to water treatment.”
e2“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Water uptake, malting loss and extract levels responded to water treatment rather than nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- water treatmente1
- Outcome
- water uptake, malting loss, extract levelse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The reverse was true for kernel size and the malting characters of water uptake, malting loss, extract levels, and fine/coarse difference.”
e1“Grain N concentration responded to N fertiliser application but was unresponsive to water treatment.”
e2“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Fine/coarse difference responded to water treatment rather than nitrogen fertilizer.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- water treatmente1
- Outcome
- fine/coarse differencee0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fine/coarse difference”
e1“Grain N concentration responded to N fertiliser application but was unresponsive to water treatment.”
e2“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought increased wort beta-glucan.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- wort β‐glucane0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought increased the levels of wort β‐glucan”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought lowered wort nitrogen.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- wort Ne0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought increased the levels of wort β‐glucan and lowered wort N”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Drought lowered N index.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Droughte0
- Outcome
- N indexe0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Drought increased the levels of wort β‐glucan and lowered wort N and N index”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased wort beta-glucan.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- N fertilisere0
- Outcome
- wort β‐glucane0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertiliser caused an increase in wort β‐glucan”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer increased wort nitrogen.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- N fertilisere0
- Outcome
- wort Ne0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertiliser caused an increase in wort β‐glucan and wort N”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer lowered N index.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- N fertilisere0
- Outcome
- N indexe0
- Direction
- lowerede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“N fertiliser caused an increase in wort β‐glucan and wort N but lowered the N index”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Water by nitrogen interaction was significant only for N index.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree2
- Treatment
- water and Ne0
- Outcome
- N indexe1
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Interactions between water and N effects were only significant for the latter.”
e1“N index whereas N fertiliser”
e2“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
Claim · model-written summary
Timing of drought and fertilizer strongly affected grain biochemical and physical characteristics.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- timing of drought and fertiliser treatmente0
- Outcome
- biochemical and physical characteristics of graine0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both the timing of drought and fertiliser treatment had strong effects on the biochemical and physical characteristics of grain.”
e1“barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Valetta')”
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See all 550 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.