Abstract
Rooted cuttings of grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sultana; syn. Thompson Seedless) were grown under glasshouse conditions and supplied with dilute nutrient solution containing either 0 or 90 mM of added NaCl. Growth and photosynthetic response to salt treatment and subsequent recovery were followed over 80 days. Shoot growth and photosynthesis were reduced by salt treatment. At relatively low concentrations of leaf chloride (< c. 150 mM, on a tissue water basis), photosynthetic reduction was largely due to increased stomatal resistance. Internal disturbances were involved at higher leaf Cl- concentrations (> c. 150 mM) and included an apparent reduction in photochemical efficiency and a faster rate of photorespiration. Levels of fraction I protein, and specific activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase measured in vitro, were not reduced by salt treatment. Vines showed remarkable adaptation to salinity insofar as leaves maintained positive turgor despite leaf Cl- concentrations exceeding 300 mM, implying osmotic adjustment. Cessation of salt treatment led to an immediate decrease in leaf Cl-, a promotion of shoot growth and a progressive recovery in photosynthesis accompanied by a marked but not necessarily concurrent reduction in both stomatal and internal resistances. Leaves tolerated Cl- levels up to 200 mM (under glasshouse conditions) without sustaining permanent reduction in photosynthetic activity. New shoots formed subsequent to stress relief are not a prerequisite for Cl- retranslocation from mature leaves as decapitation at the time of stress relief did not prevent attenuation of leaf Cl- or recovery in photosynthesis.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment reduced shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferat0 - Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- Shoot growthe0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot growth and photosynthesis were reduced by salt treatment.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment reduced photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot growth and photosynthesis were reduced by salt treatment.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
At low leaf chloride, increased stomatal resistance largely explained photosynthetic reduction.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic reductione0
- Value
- < c. 150 mMe0
- Qualifier
- increased stomatal resistancee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At relatively low concentrations of leaf chloride (< c. 150 mM, on a tissue water basis), photosynthetic reduction was largely due to increased stomatal resistance.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher leaf chloride, photochemical efficiency apparently declined.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- photochemical efficiencye0
- Direction
- reductione0
- Value
- > c. 150 mMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Internal disturbances were involved at higher leaf Cl- concentrations (> c. 150 mM) and included an apparent reduction in photochemical efficiency”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
At higher leaf chloride, photorespiration was faster.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- rate of photorespiratione0
- Direction
- fastere0
- Value
- > c. 150 mMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Internal disturbances were involved at higher leaf Cl- concentrations (> c. 150 mM) and included an apparent reduction in photochemical efficiency and a faster rate of photorespiration.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment did not reduce fraction I protein levels.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Gene
- fraction I proteine0
- Outcome
- Levels of fraction I proteine0
- Direction
- not reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Levels of fraction I protein, and specific activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase measured in vitro, were not reduced by salt treatment.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Salt treatment did not reduce ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase specific activity.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- salt treatmente0
- Gene
- ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylasee0
- Outcome
- specific activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylasee0
- Direction
- not reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Levels of fraction I protein, and specific activity of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase measured in vitro, were not reduced by salt treatment.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves maintained positive turgor despite chloride above 300 mM.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- positive turgore0
- Value
- exceeding 300 mMe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“leaves maintained positive turgor despite leaf Cl- concentrations exceeding 300 mM”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Ending salt treatment immediately decreased leaf chloride.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- Cessation of salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- leaf Cl-e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cessation of salt treatment led to an immediate decrease in leaf Cl-, a promotion of shoot growth and a progressive recovery in photosynthesis”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Ending salt treatment promoted shoot growth.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- Cessation of salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- promotione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cessation of salt treatment led to an immediate decrease in leaf Cl-, a promotion of shoot growth and a progressive recovery in photosynthesis”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Ending salt treatment progressively restored photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- Cessation of salt treatmente0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- recoverye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cessation of salt treatment led to an immediate decrease in leaf Cl-, a promotion of shoot growth and a progressive recovery in photosynthesis”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Recovery accompanied reductions in stomatal and internal resistance.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- stomatal and internal resistancese0
- Direction
- reductione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a marked but not necessarily concurrent reduction in both stomatal and internal resistances.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves tolerated chloride up to 200 mM without permanent photosynthetic reduction.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic activitye0
- Direction
- without sustaining permanent reductione0
- Value
- up to 200 mMe0
- Setting
- glasshouse conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Leaves tolerated Cl- levels up to 200 mM (under glasshouse conditions) without sustaining permanent reduction in photosynthetic activity.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Decapitation did not prevent leaf chloride attenuation.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- decapitation at the time of stress reliefe0
- Outcome
- leaf Cl-e0
- Direction
- did not prevent attenuatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decapitation at the time of stress relief did not prevent attenuation of leaf Cl- or recovery in photosynthesis.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
Claim · model-written summary
Decapitation did not prevent photosynthetic recovery.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferat0
- Treatment
- decapitation at the time of stress reliefe0
- Outcome
- photosynthesise0
- Direction
- did not prevente0
- Qualifier
- recoverye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decapitation at the time of stress relief did not prevent attenuation of leaf Cl- or recovery in photosynthesis.”
t0“Vitis vinifera”
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