Abstract
The effect of foliar salt uptake on potted grapevine growth and ionic composition was investigated in a split plot trial. The main plot was a 2 × 2 factorial consisting of separately irrigating the roots and foliage with nonsaline or saline (25 m m NaCl) solutions. The subplot was a 4 × 2 factorial consisting of four grape ( Vitis vinifera ) cultivars on their own roots or `Ramsey' ( Vitis champini ) rootstock. Saline foliar irrigation over 27 weeks reduced total vine growth by 14% while saline root irrigation had no effect. Leaf Na and Cl concentrations were elevated by saline foliar and saline root irrigation. The increases in concentrations with saline foliar irrigation were four times those with saline root irrigation. Leaf K concentration was reduced by saline foliar irrigation and increased by saline root irrigation. With saline irrigation of roots and foliage the Cl and Na levels were highest in the leaves of `Shiraz', but with saline irrigation of only the roots `Sultana' had the higher levels of leaf Cl and `Shiraz' the highest leaf Na. Saline foliar irrigation had no effect on the concentrations of Na, Cl, and K in the roots. In `Sultana', saline foliar irrigation did not affect the leaf concentrations of N, NO 3 -N, P, Mg, Zn, and Cu. It increased the leaf concentration of Fe, and decreased that of Mn. Rootstock modified the effect of salinity on Fe concentrations. The B concentration was decreased by saline irrigation of either the foliage or the roots, but not by saline irrigation of both. In roots, saline foliar irrigation increased B in own-rooted vines, but not in those on `Ramsey' rootstock.
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Claims 19
Claim · model-written summary
Saline foliar irrigation over 27 weeks reduced total vine growth by 14%.
- Taxon
- Vitis vinifera
Vitis viniferae0 - Treatment
- Saline foliar irrigatione1
- Outcome
- total vine growthe1
- Direction
- reducede1
- Value
- 14%e1
- Comparator
- nonsalinee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e1“Saline foliar irrigation over 27 weeks reduced total vine growth by 14% while saline root irrigation had no effect”
e2“with nonsaline or saline (25 m m NaCl) solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline root irrigation had no effect on total vine growth.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- saline root irrigatione1
- Outcome
- total vine growthe1
- Direction
- had no effecte1
- Comparator
- nonsalinee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e1“Saline foliar irrigation over 27 weeks reduced total vine growth by 14% while saline root irrigation had no effect”
e2“with nonsaline or saline (25 m m NaCl) solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline foliar irrigation elevated leaf Na and Cl concentrations.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe3
- Treatment
- saline foliare3
- Outcome
- Leaf Na and Cl concentrationse3
- Direction
- elevatede3
- Comparator
- nonsalinee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e3“Leaf Na and Cl concentrations were elevated by saline foliar and saline root irrigation”
e2“with nonsaline or saline (25 m m NaCl) solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline root irrigation elevated leaf Na and Cl concentrations.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Organ / stage
- leafe3
- Treatment
- saline roote3
- Outcome
- Leaf Na and Cl concentrationse3
- Direction
- elevatede3
- Comparator
- nonsalinee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e3“Leaf Na and Cl concentrations were elevated by saline foliar and saline root irrigation”
e2“with nonsaline or saline (25 m m NaCl) solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
The increase in leaf Na and Cl concentrations under saline foliar irrigation was four times that under saline root irrigation.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- saline foliar irrigatione4
- Outcome
- concentrationse4
- Direction
- increasese4
- Value
- four timese4
- Comparator
- saline root irrigatione4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e4“The increases in concentrations with saline foliar irrigation were four times those with saline root irrigation”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline foliar irrigation reduced leaf K concentration.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- saline foliar irrigatione5
- Outcome
- Leaf K concentratione5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Comparator
- nonsalinee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e5“Leaf K concentration was reduced by saline foliar irrigation and increased by saline root irrigation”
e2“with nonsaline or saline (25 m m NaCl) solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline root irrigation increased leaf K concentration.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- saline root irrigatione5
- Outcome
- Leaf K concentratione5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- nonsalinee2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e5“Leaf K concentration was reduced by saline foliar irrigation and increased by saline root irrigation”
e2“with nonsaline or saline (25 m m NaCl) solutions”
Claim · model-written summary
With saline irrigation of roots and foliage, Cl and Na levels were highest in the leaves of Shiraz.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Shiraze6
- Organ / stage
- leavese6
- Treatment
- saline irrigation of roots and foliagee6
- Outcome
- Cl and Na levelse6
- Direction
- higheste6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e6“With saline irrigation of roots and foliage the Cl and Na levels were highest in the leaves of `Shiraz'”
Claim · model-written summary
With saline irrigation of only the roots, Sultana had the higher levels of leaf Cl.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Sultanae7
- Treatment
- saline irrigation of only the rootse7
- Outcome
- levels of leaf Cle7
- Direction
- highere7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e7“with saline irrigation of only the roots `Sultana' had the higher levels of leaf Cl”
Claim · model-written summary
With saline irrigation of only the roots, Shiraz had the highest leaf Na.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Shiraze1
- Outcome
- leaf Nae1
- Direction
- higheste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e1“Shiraz' the highest leaf Na”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline foliar irrigation had no effect on Na, Cl and K concentrations in the roots.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- Saline foliar irrigatione1
- Outcome
- concentrations of Na, Cl, and Ke1
- Direction
- had no effecte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e1“Saline foliar irrigation had no effect on the concentrations of Na, Cl, and K in the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
In Sultana, saline foliar irrigation did not affect leaf concentrations of N, P, Mg, Zn and Cu.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Sultanae1
- Treatment
- saline foliar irrigatione1
- Outcome
- leaf concentrationse1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e1“Sultana', saline foliar irrigation did not affect the leaf concentrations of N, NO 3 -N, P, Mg, Zn, and Cu”
Claim · model-written summary
In Sultana, saline foliar irrigation increased leaf Fe concentration.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Sultanae1
- Treatment
- saline foliar irrigatione1
- Outcome
- leaf concentration of Fee2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e1“Sultana', saline foliar irrigation did not affect the leaf concentrations of N, NO 3 -N, P, Mg, Zn, and Cu”
e2“It increased the leaf concentration of Fe”
Claim · model-written summary
In Sultana, saline foliar irrigation decreased leaf Mn concentration.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Sultanae1
- Treatment
- saline foliar irrigatione1
- Outcome
- leaf concentratione1
- Direction
- decreasede2
- Qualifier
- Mne2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e1“Sultana', saline foliar irrigation did not affect the leaf concentrations of N, NO 3 -N, P, Mg, Zn, and Cu”
e2“and decreased that of Mn”
Claim · model-written summary
Rootstock modified the effect of salinity on Fe concentrations.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- rootstocke1
- Treatment
- salinitye1
- Outcome
- Fe concentrationse1
- Direction
- modifiede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e1“Rootstock modified the effect of salinity on Fe concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation of either the foliage or the roots decreased leaf B concentration.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- saline irrigation of either the foliage or the rootse1
- Outcome
- B concentratione1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e1“The B concentration was decreased by saline irrigation of either the foliage or the roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Saline irrigation of both foliage and roots did not decrease B concentration.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Treatment
- saline irrigation of bothe2
- Outcome
- B concentratione1
- Direction
- but note2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e1“The B concentration was decreased by saline irrigation of either the foliage or the roots”
e2“but not by saline irrigation of both”
Claim · model-written summary
In roots, saline foliar irrigation increased B in own-rooted vines.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- own-rooted vinese1
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- saline foliar irrigatione1
- Outcome
- Be1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e1“In roots, saline foliar irrigation increased B in own-rooted vines”
Claim · model-written summary
In roots, saline foliar irrigation did not increase B in vines on Ramsey rootstock.
- Taxon
- Vitis viniferaVitis viniferae0
- Material
- Ramseye2
- Organ / stage
- rootse1
- Treatment
- saline foliar irrigatione1
- Outcome
- Be1
- Direction
- but note2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“grape ( Vitis vinifera )”
e1“In roots, saline foliar irrigation increased B in own-rooted vines”
e2“but not in those on `Ramsey' rootstock”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.