Abstract
AbstractThe effect of irrigating a seedbed after sowing has been compared with the effect of irrigating before the final cultivation and sowing. The total numbers emerged and rate of emergence of lettuce, spinach and beet were reduced if the soil surface was capped by post-sowing irrigation and the cap then dried out; a wet cap did not affect emergence. On the other hand, post-sowing irrigation with small drops, which caused little or no soil capping, tended to increase seedling emergence compared with presowing irrigation when the sowing depth was \ in. or i in. Moreover, when lettuce were sown at \ in. depth pre-sowing irrigation gave poor emergence because of rapid drying of the soil round the seed before it could germinate ; post-sowing irrigation with small drops again resulted in good emergence, however, as did post-sowing irrigation with large drops if the resulting cap was broken by light cultivation as soon as it dried.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
A dried soil cap after post-sowing irrigation reduced total emergence and emergence rate of lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae0 - Treatment
- soil surface was capped by post-sowing irrigation and the cap then dried oute0
- Outcome
- total numbers emerged and rate of emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total numbers emerged and rate of emergence of lettuce, spinach and beet were reduced if the soil surface was capped by post-sowing irrigation and the cap then dried out; a wet cap did not affect emergence.”
Claim · model-written summary
A dried soil cap after post-sowing irrigation reduced total emergence and emergence rate of spinach.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceae0 - Treatment
- soil surface was capped by post-sowing irrigation and the cap then dried oute0
- Outcome
- total numbers emerged and rate of emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total numbers emerged and rate of emergence of lettuce, spinach and beet were reduced if the soil surface was capped by post-sowing irrigation and the cap then dried out; a wet cap did not affect emergence.”
Claim · model-written summary
A dried soil cap after post-sowing irrigation reduced total emergence and emergence rate of beet.
- Taxon
- beet
Beta vulgarise0 - Treatment
- soil surface was capped by post-sowing irrigation and the cap then dried oute0
- Outcome
- total numbers emerged and rate of emergencee0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The total numbers emerged and rate of emergence of lettuce, spinach and beet were reduced if the soil surface was capped by post-sowing irrigation and the cap then dried out; a wet cap did not affect emergence.”
Claim · model-written summary
A wet cap did not affect seedling emergence.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- a wet cape0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a wet cap did not affect emergence.”
e1“The total numbers emerged and rate of emergence of lettuce, spinach and beet were reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-sowing irrigation with small drops tended to increase emergence relative to pre-sowing irrigation at the stated depths.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- post-sowing irrigation with small dropse0
- Outcome
- seedling emergencee0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Qualifier
- sowing depth was \ in. or i in.e0
- Comparator
- presowing irrigatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“post-sowing irrigation with small drops, which caused little or no soil capping, tended to increase seedling emergence compared with presowing irrigation when the sowing depth was \ in. or i in.”
e1“The total numbers emerged and rate of emergence of lettuce, spinach and beet were reduced”
Claim · model-written summary
Pre-sowing irrigation gave poor emergence for shallow-sown lettuce because soil around seeds dried rapidly.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae0
- Treatment
- pre-sowing irrigatione0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- poore0
- Qualifier
- rapid drying of the soil round the seede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“when lettuce were sown at \ in. depth pre-sowing irrigation gave poor emergence because of rapid drying of the soil round the seed before it could germinate”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-sowing irrigation with small drops gave good emergence for shallow-sown lettuce.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- post-sowing irrigation with small dropse0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- goode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“post-sowing irrigation with small drops again resulted in good emergence”
e1“when lettuce were sown at \ in. depth”
Claim · model-written summary
Post-sowing irrigation with large drops also gave good lettuce emergence when the dried cap was broken by light cultivation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- post-sowing irrigation with large dropse0
- Outcome
- good emergencee0
- Direction
- goode0
- Qualifier
- the resulting cap was broken by light cultivation as soon as it driede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“good emergence, however, as did post-sowing irrigation with large drops if the resulting cap was broken by light cultivation as soon as it dried.”
e1“when lettuce were sown at \ in. depth”
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