Abstract
Many watermelon plants cultivated in the Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures showed symptoms similar to those of mosaic disease in June 1968. In these districts it became evident that apparently healthy fruit that were harvested harboured some form of abnormality. Infected plants were retarded in growth. The young leaves showed mosaic symptoms but in the majority of cases the symptoms were not distinct and often disappeared as the leaves grew older. Fruit stalks of infected plants generally showed necrotic lesions and sometimes the fruit showed mosaic-like dark green elevated areas on the surface. The white peripheral regions of infected fruit which were cut open appeared to be water-soaked and whitish yellow. The inner pulp also turned to water-soaked dirty red and contained crescent-shaped crevices while there was an increase in the yellow fibres.The above symptoms were induced on fruit as well as leaves of healthy watermelon by juice inoculation with a virus isolated from infected plants showing the abnormalities described. It became apparent that the symptoms in watermelon were most marked when inoculated at the time of fruit set.The virus was identified with cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) by mechanical inoculation and observation under electron microscope using the dip method. This virus was, however, distinguishable from that isolated from cucumber in the western part of Japan in 1966, on the basis of differential reaction on Datura stramonium, Chenopodium amaranticolor and from serological comparison. The virus isolated from watermelon was designated as watermelon strain and the one isolated from cucumber in 1966 as cucumber strain.Specimens of fruit exhibiting the fruit pulp symptoms were collected from various localities and virus isolations were made. From most of them CGMMV was isolated, while from certain specimens watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) also were isolated, and from some no virus was isolated. The fruit abnormality referred to here is certainly caused by CGMMV, but WMV, CMV and some physiological disorder may also cause similer fruit abnormalities. These, however, can be distinguished from the symptoms caused by CGMMV.Bottlegourd, Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida, is generally employed as a root-stock in the cultivation of watermelon. The presence of CGMMV was detected in the seed coat of bottlegourd seeds which were collected in Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures from left-over stocks of one season, while it was not detected in the seeds of watermelon. Also in the Tochigi prefecture where bottlegourd is cultivated on a large scale the crop showed a high percentage of mosaic symptoms, and from these mosaic plants CGMMV was isolated.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon plants in Chiba and Ibaraki showed mosaic-like symptoms.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Outcome
- symptoms similar to those of mosaic diseasee0
- Setting
- Chiba and Ibaraki prefecturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Many watermelon plants cultivated in the Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures showed symptoms similar to those of mosaic disease in June 1968.”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected watermelon plants had retarded growth.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- retarded in growthe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Infected plants were retarded in growth.”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
Young watermelon leaves had mosaic symptoms that often faded as leaves aged.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- young leavese0
- Outcome
- mosaic symptomse0
- Qualifier
- often disappeared as the leaves grew oldere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The young leaves showed mosaic symptoms but in the majority of cases the symptoms were not distinct and often disappeared as the leaves grew older.”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
Infected watermelon fruit stalks generally had necrotic lesions.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- Fruit stalkse0
- Outcome
- necrotic lesionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit stalks of infected plants generally showed necrotic lesions”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
Some infected fruit had elevated dark green mosaic-like areas.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- fruite0
- Outcome
- mosaic-like dark green elevated arease0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sometimes the fruit showed mosaic-like dark green elevated areas on the surface.”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
Cut infected fruit had water-soaked yellowish peripheral tissue.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- peripheral regions of infected fruite0
- Outcome
- water-soaked and whitish yellowe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The white peripheral regions of infected fruit which were cut open appeared to be water-soaked and whitish yellow.”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
Inner infected fruit pulp was water-soaked, dirty red and had crescent-shaped crevices.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- inner pulpe0
- Outcome
- water-soaked dirty red and contained crescent-shaped crevicese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inner pulp also turned to water-soaked dirty red and contained crescent-shaped crevices”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
Yellow fibres increased in affected fruit.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- yellow fibrese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was an increase in the yellow fibres”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
Juice inoculation with virus from diseased plants reproduced fruit and leaf symptoms in healthy watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- juice inoculation with a virus isolated from infected plantse0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- symptoms were induced on fruit as well as leavese0
- Comparator
- healthy watermelone0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The above symptoms were induced on fruit as well as leaves of healthy watermelon by juice inoculation with a virus isolated from infected plants showing the abnormalities described.”
Claim · model-written summary
Watermelon symptoms were most marked when inoculated at fruit set.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Organ / stage
- fruit sete0
- Treatment
- inoculated at the time of fruit sete0
- Outcome
- symptomse0
- Direction
- most markede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the symptoms in watermelon were most marked when inoculated at the time of fruit set.”
Claim · model-written summary
The watermelon virus was identified as cucumber green mottle mosaic virus.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- cucumber green mottle mosaic virusCucumber green mottle mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- identified with cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The virus was identified with cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) by mechanical inoculation and observation under electron microscope using the dip method.”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
The watermelon isolate differed from a cucumber isolate in differential host reactions and serology.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- distinguishable from that isolated from cucumbere0
- Setting
- western part of Japane0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This virus was, however, distinguishable from that isolated from cucumber in the western part of Japan in 1966, on the basis of differential reaction on Datura stramonium, Chenopodium amaranticolor and from serological comparison.”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
CGMMV was isolated from most sampled abnormal watermelon fruit.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- CGMMVCucumber green mottle mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- CGMMV was isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“From most of them CGMMV was isolated”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
WMV and CMV were isolated from some abnormal watermelon fruit.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- watermelon mosaic virus (WMV)
_-_Hinrichs-Berger.jpg?width=60)
Watermelon mosaic viruse0pathogen - Second interactor
- cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)
cucumber mosaic cucumoviruse0pathogen - Outcome
- watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) also were isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Hinrichs-Berger.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“from certain specimens watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) also were isolated”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
No virus was isolated from some abnormal watermelon fruit.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Outcome
- no virus was isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from some no virus was isolated.”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
CGMMV caused the described fruit abnormality, though WMV, CMV and physiological disorders may cause similar symptoms.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Interactor
- CGMMVCucumber green mottle mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- fruit abnormalitye0
- Qualifier
- WMV, CMV and some physiological disorder may also cause similer fruit abnormalitiese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fruit abnormality referred to here is certainly caused by CGMMV, but WMV, CMV and some physiological disorder may also cause similer fruit abnormalities.”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
Claim · model-written summary
CGMMV was detected in the seed coat of bottlegourd seeds from Chiba and Ibaraki.
- Taxon
- bottlegourd
Lagenaria sicerariae0 - Organ / stage
- seed coate0
- Interactor
- CGMMVCucumber green mottle mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- presence of CGMMVe0
- Setting
- Chiba and Ibaraki prefecturese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of CGMMV was detected in the seed coat of bottlegourd seeds which were collected in Chiba and Ibaraki prefectures”
Claim · model-written summary
CGMMV was not detected in watermelon seeds.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Organ / stage
- seedse0
- Outcome
- not detected in the seedse0
Not reportedInteractor
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while it was not detected in the seeds of watermelon.”
Claim · model-written summary
Bottlegourd crops in Tochigi had frequent mosaic symptoms.
- Taxon
- bottlegourdLagenaria sicerariae0
- Outcome
- mosaic symptomse0
- Direction
- high percentagee0
- Setting
- Tochigi prefecturee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“in the Tochigi prefecture where bottlegourd is cultivated on a large scale the crop showed a high percentage of mosaic symptoms”
Claim · model-written summary
CGMMV was isolated from mosaic-symptomatic bottlegourd in Tochigi.
- Taxon
- bottlegourdLagenaria sicerariae1
- Interactor
- CGMMVCucumber green mottle mosaic viruse0pathogen
- Outcome
- CGMMV was isolatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“from these mosaic plants CGMMV was isolated.”
t0“in Watermelon and its Bearing”
e1“bottlegourd is cultivated on a large scale”
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