Abstract
Microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae were not heated or heated in water with one of three regimes to simulate soil solarization. Regime 1 consisted of 31 C for 10 h followed by 35 C for 14 h. Regime 2 consisted of 33 C for 10 h followed by 36 C for 14 h. Regime 3 consisted of 35 C for 10 h followed by 38 C for 14 h. Heating for 1-5 days with regime 1 did not affect the final number of microsclerotia that germinated but did affect the rate at which they germinated. Additional days of heating with regime 2 or 3 affected both the number of germinated microsclerotia and the rate at which they germinated. Of the microsclerotia that germinated, colonies arising from heated microsclerotia formed significantly fewer melanized microsclerotia and melanization of these new microsclerotia was significantly slower than for those originating from the nonheated microsclerotia. When microsclerotia were heated as above, placed in nylon mesh envelopes, and buried in raw soil with or without the biocontrol agent Talaromyces flavus, there was a synergistic interaction between the heating and T. flavus resulting in increased mortality of the microsclerotia. Colonies arising from surviving, previously heated microsclerotia were slower growing than colonies from nonheated microsclerotia and were slower to form melanized microsclerotia. Sublethal heating and T. flavus acted additively to suppress Verticillium wilt of eggplant. Opportunities for combining sublethal heating with thermophilic biocontrol agents are discussed
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Heating with regime 1 for 1-5 days did not affect the final number of Verticillium microsclerotia that germinated.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae0 - Treatment
- Heating for 1-5 days with regime 1e1
- Outcome
- final number of microsclerotia that germinatede1
- Direction
- did not affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sublethal heating and T. flavus acted additively to suppress Verticillium wilt of eggplant”
e1“Heating for 1-5 days with regime 1 did not affect the final number of microsclerotia that germinated”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating with regime 1 for 1-5 days affected the rate at which Verticillium microsclerotia germinated.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Heating for 1-5 days with regime 1e1
- Outcome
- rate at which they germinatede1
- Direction
- did affecte1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sublethal heating and T. flavus acted additively to suppress Verticillium wilt of eggplant”
e1“Heating for 1-5 days with regime 1 did not affect the final number of microsclerotia that germinated but did affect the rate at which they germinated”
Claim · model-written summary
Additional days of heating with regime 2 or 3 affected both the number of germinated microsclerotia and the rate of germination.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Additional days of heating with regime 2 or 3e2
- Outcome
- number of germinated microsclerotia and the rate at which they germinatede2
- Direction
- affectede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sublethal heating and T. flavus acted additively to suppress Verticillium wilt of eggplant”
e2“Additional days of heating with regime 2 or 3 affected both the number of germinated microsclerotia and the rate at which they germinated”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonies from heated microsclerotia formed significantly fewer melanized microsclerotia.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- heated microsclerotiae3
- Outcome
- melanized microsclerotiae3
- Direction
- fewere3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sublethal heating and T. flavus acted additively to suppress Verticillium wilt of eggplant”
e3“colonies arising from heated microsclerotia formed significantly fewer melanized microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Melanization of new microsclerotia from heated microsclerotia was significantly slower than for those from nonheated microsclerotia.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- heated microsclerotiae3
- Outcome
- melanization of these new microsclerotiae4
- Direction
- slowere4
- Comparator
- those originating from the nonheated microsclerotiae4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sublethal heating and T. flavus acted additively to suppress Verticillium wilt of eggplant”
e3“colonies arising from heated microsclerotia formed significantly fewer melanized microsclerotia”
e4“melanization of these new microsclerotia was significantly slower than for those originating from the nonheated microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Heating combined with T. flavus synergistically increased the mortality of Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- heating and T. flavuse2
- Interactor
- Verticillium dahliae
Verticillium dahliaee1pathogen - Second interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- mortality of the microsclerotiae2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sublethal heating and T. flavus acted additively to suppress Verticillium wilt of eggplant”
e1“Microsclerotia of Verticillium dahliae were not heated or heated in water with one of three regimes to simulate soil solarization”
e2“there was a synergistic interaction between the heating and T. flavus resulting in increased mortality of the microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonies from surviving, previously heated microsclerotia grew more slowly than colonies from nonheated microsclerotia.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- previously heated microsclerotiae5
- Outcome
- growinge5
- Direction
- slowere5
- Comparator
- colonies from nonheated microsclerotiae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sublethal heating and T. flavus acted additively to suppress Verticillium wilt of eggplant”
e5“Colonies arising from surviving, previously heated microsclerotia were slower growing than colonies from nonheated microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Colonies from surviving, previously heated microsclerotia were slower to form melanized microsclerotia.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- previously heated microsclerotiae5
- Outcome
- form melanized microsclerotiae6
- Direction
- slowere6
- Comparator
- colonies from nonheated microsclerotiae5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sublethal heating and T. flavus acted additively to suppress Verticillium wilt of eggplant”
e5“Colonies arising from surviving, previously heated microsclerotia were slower growing than colonies from nonheated microsclerotia”
e6“were slower to form melanized microsclerotia”
Claim · model-written summary
Sublethal heating and T. flavus acted additively to suppress Verticillium wilt of eggplant.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae0
- Treatment
- Sublethal heating and T. flavuse0
- Interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Verticillium wilte0
- Direction
- suppresse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sublethal heating and T. flavus acted additively to suppress Verticillium wilt of eggplant”
The same questions in other papers
Talaromyces flavus · Verticillium dahliae · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Talaromyces flavus · disease · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
heat · growth · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
3 papers in the same direction as this paper · 3 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →heat · disease · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
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See all 8 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.