Abstract
Pyrophyllite clay (Pyrax), milled chitin, corn cobs, fish meal, neem cake, peanut hulls, soy fiber, and wheat bran were used to make alginate prill with or without ascospores of Talaromyces flavus. The formulations were compared for their ability to induce T. flavus to control Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil and to increase populations of T. flavus in three field soils (two loamy sands, one silty clay). Survival of T. flavus in prill at 5 C or ambient temperature (22-24 C), as well as the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents of the prill, were also determined. Two formulations (corn cobs and pyrophyllite) consistently enhanced biocontrol activity. In treatments without T. flavus, half of all plants were wilted 59 days after transplanting whereas more than half of the plants treated with T. flavus in either pyrophyllite or corn cob prill remained symptomless 90 days after transplanting. In some experiments, T. flavus in soy fiber prill delayed the median time for symptom development by about 10 days. Experiments on survival and proliferation in soils indicated that there were highly significant interactions among carrier, soil, and sampling time. These interactions indicate that the formulations performed differently in different soils. Populations of T. flavus from some prill × soil × combinations increased during the 18-wk experiment while populations from other combinations remained constant or decreased. Populations of T. flavus in two soils (Hatboro loamy sand, silty clay) amended with wheat-bran prill were greater than those with other formulations in the first 2 wk of assay in these two soils. Populations of T. flavus in the loamy sand amended with peanut hull prill were greater than those from other prill at the 8- and 12-wk samplings in this soil. Prill with pyrophyllite and corn cobs had significantly greater C/N ratios than prill with other carriers. Carriers significantly affected survival of T. flavus at 5 C and at ambient temperature. Survival at both temperatures was best in prill formulated with corn cobs, soy fiber and peanut hulls. Temperature did not alter the survival pattern during the 18-wk sampling period
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed public-domain. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Corn-cob formulation consistently enhanced biocontrol activity.
- Taxon
- eggplant
Solanum melongenae1 - Treatment
- corn cobse0
- Interactor
- Talaromyces flavusTalaromyces flavuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- biocontrol activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two formulations (corn cobs and pyrophyllite) consistently enhanced biocontrol activity.”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
e2“ascospores of Talaromyces flavus”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrophyllite formulation consistently enhanced biocontrol activity.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- pyrophyllitee0
- Interactor
- Talaromyces flavusTalaromyces flavuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- biocontrol activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Two formulations (corn cobs and pyrophyllite) consistently enhanced biocontrol activity.”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
e2“ascospores of Talaromyces flavus”
Claim · model-written summary
Half of eggplants without T. flavus wilted by day 59.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- without T. flavuse0
- Interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- plants were wiltede0
- Value
- halfe0
- Qualifier
- 59 days after transplantinge0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In treatments without T. flavus, half of all plants were wilted 59 days after transplanting”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
Claim · model-written summary
More than half of eggplants treated with T. flavus in pyrophyllite prill remained symptomless at day 90.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- T. flavus in either pyrophyllite or corn cob prille0
- Interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- remained symptomlesse0
- Value
- more than halfe0
- Qualifier
- 90 days after transplantinge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“more than half of the plants treated with T. flavus in either pyrophyllite or corn cob prill remained symptomless 90 days after transplanting”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
Claim · model-written summary
T. flavus in soy-fiber prill delayed median symptom onset by about 10 days in some experiments.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- T. flavus in soy fiber prille0
- Interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- median time for symptom developmente0
- Direction
- delayede0
- Value
- about 10 dayse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In some experiments, T. flavus in soy fiber prill delayed the median time for symptom development by about 10 days.”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrier, soil, and sampling time had highly significant interactions in T. flavus proliferation.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- carriere0
- Interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- interactions among carrier, soil, and sampling timee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there were highly significant interactions among carrier, soil, and sampling time”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
e2“In treatments without T. flavus, half of all plants were wilted 59 days after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
Some T. flavus populations increased across the 18-week soil assay.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Populations of T. flavuse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- 18-wk experimente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations of T. flavus from some prill × soil × combinations increased during the 18-wk experiment”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Other T. flavus populations remained constant or decreased across the assay.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- populationse0
- Direction
- remained constant or decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“populations from other combinations remained constant or decreased”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
e2“In treatments without T. flavus, half of all plants were wilted 59 days after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat-bran prill produced greater T. flavus populations in two soils during the first two weeks.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- wheat-bran prille0
- Interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Populations of T. flavuse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- first 2 wk of assaye0
- Comparator
- other formulationse0
- Setting
- Hatboro loamy sand, silty claye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations of T. flavus in two soils (Hatboro loamy sand, silty clay) amended with wheat-bran prill were greater than those with other formulations in the first 2 wk of assay”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Peanut-hull prill produced greater T. flavus populations in loamy sand at weeks 8 and 12.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- peanut hull prille0
- Interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Populations of T. flavuse0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Qualifier
- 8- and 12-wk samplingse0
- Comparator
- other prille0
- Setting
- loamy sande0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Populations of T. flavus in the loamy sand amended with peanut hull prill were greater than those from other prill at the 8- and 12-wk samplings”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Pyrophyllite prill had a significantly greater carbon-to-nitrogen ratio than other carriers.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- pyrophyllitee0
- Outcome
- C/N ratiose0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- other carrierse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prill with pyrophyllite and corn cobs had significantly greater C/N ratios than prill with other carriers”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn-cob prill had a significantly greater carbon-to-nitrogen ratio than other carriers.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- corn cobse0
- Outcome
- C/N ratiose0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Comparator
- other carrierse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Prill with pyrophyllite and corn cobs had significantly greater C/N ratios than prill with other carriers”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrier identity significantly affected T. flavus survival at 5 C and ambient temperature.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- Carrierse0
- Interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- survival of T. flavuse0
- Qualifier
- 5 C and at ambient temperaturee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Carriers significantly affected survival of T. flavus at 5 C and at ambient temperature”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
Claim · model-written summary
T. flavus survival was best in corn-cob, soy-fiber, and peanut-hull prill at both temperatures.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- corn cobs, soy fiber and peanut hullse0
- Interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Survivale0
- Direction
- beste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Survival at both temperatures was best in prill formulated with corn cobs, soy fiber and peanut hulls”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
e2“In treatments without T. flavus, half of all plants were wilted 59 days after transplanting”
Claim · model-written summary
Temperature did not alter the T. flavus survival pattern over 18 weeks.
- Taxon
- eggplantSolanum melongenae1
- Treatment
- Temperaturee0
- Interactor
- T. flavusTalaromyces flavuse2biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- survival patterne0
- Direction
- did not altere0
- Qualifier
- 18-wk sampling periode0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Temperature did not alter the survival pattern during the 18-wk sampling period”
e1“Verticillium wilt of eggplant in the greenhouse in field soil”
e2“In treatments without T. flavus, half of all plants were wilted 59 days after transplanting”
The same questions in other papers
Talaromyces flavus · disease · Solanum melongena (eggplant)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.