Abstract
In order to modify nutrient solution for tomatoes grown in extremely low-volume substrate (ELVS) combined with low-node-order pinching and high-density planting (LN&HD), the effects of nutrient solution concentration and supplemented K and P were investigated. Plant growth, nutrient uptake, and fruit yellow-shoulder disorder were measured in two experiments. Treatments included three nutrient solution concentration levels (0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 dS·m−1 EC) in Experiment 1 and added K or P (EC 0.9+K, EC 0.9+P) and P+K (EC 0.9+P+K) on the basis of Enshi nutrient solution at EC 0.9 dS·m−1 in Experiment 2. Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD. A high-frequency and small-volume fertigation system was used based on the integrated solar radiation amount. In Experiment 1, mineral elemental uptake rate, plant growth and fruit yield increased with increasing nutrient solution concentration, and fruit yellow-shoulder disorder decreased. In Experiment 2, P supplementation treatments of EC 0.9+P and EC 0.9+P+K largely enhanced fruit yield, shoot weight and all nutrient uptake rates. In contrast, yield improvement was not observed at EC 0.9+K, and only K uptake was promoted in K-supplemented treatment. The fruit yellow-shoulder incidence and index tended to decrease in the following order: EC 0.9 > EC 0.9+P > EC 0.9+K > EC 0.9+P+K. In conclusion, it was effective to increase P and K concentrations of nutrient solution on the basis of Enshi nutrient solution formula (EC 0.9 dS·m−1), to maintain optimal tomato vegetative growth, achieve higher yield comparable to that with EC 1.2 dS·m−1, and produce fewer P- and K-deficiency symptoms in the case of ELVS combined with LN&HD culture by a high-frequency and small-volume application method.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nutrient solution concentration increased mineral elemental uptake rate.
- Taxon
- Tomatoes
Solanum lycopersicume1 - Material
- ‘CF Momotaro York’e1
- Treatment
- nutrient solution concentratione0
- Outcome
- mineral elemental uptake ratee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Experiment 1, mineral elemental uptake rate, plant growth and fruit yield increased with increasing nutrient solution concentration, and fruit yellow-shoulder disorder decreased.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nutrient solution concentration increased plant growth.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- ‘CF Momotaro York’e1
- Treatment
- nutrient solution concentratione0
- Outcome
- plant growthe0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Experiment 1, mineral elemental uptake rate, plant growth and fruit yield increased with increasing nutrient solution concentration, and fruit yellow-shoulder disorder decreased.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nutrient solution concentration increased fruit yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- ‘CF Momotaro York’e1
- Treatment
- nutrient solution concentratione0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Experiment 1, mineral elemental uptake rate, plant growth and fruit yield increased with increasing nutrient solution concentration, and fruit yellow-shoulder disorder decreased.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nutrient solution concentration decreased fruit yellow-shoulder disorder.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Material
- ‘CF Momotaro York’e1
- Treatment
- nutrient solution concentratione0
- Outcome
- fruit yellow-shoulder disordere0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Experiment 1, mineral elemental uptake rate, plant growth and fruit yield increased with increasing nutrient solution concentration, and fruit yellow-shoulder disorder decreased.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
EC 0.9+P enhanced fruit yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- EC 0.9+Pe0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Experiment 2, P supplementation treatments of EC 0.9+P and EC 0.9+P+K largely enhanced fruit yield, shoot weight and all nutrient uptake rates.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
EC 0.9+P enhanced shoot weight.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- EC 0.9+Pe0
- Outcome
- shoot weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Experiment 2, P supplementation treatments of EC 0.9+P and EC 0.9+P+K largely enhanced fruit yield, shoot weight and all nutrient uptake rates.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
EC 0.9+P enhanced all nutrient uptake rates.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- EC 0.9+Pe0
- Outcome
- all nutrient uptake ratese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Experiment 2, P supplementation treatments of EC 0.9+P and EC 0.9+P+K largely enhanced fruit yield, shoot weight and all nutrient uptake rates.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
EC 0.9+P+K enhanced fruit yield.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- EC 0.9+P+Ke0
- Outcome
- fruit yielde0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Experiment 2, P supplementation treatments of EC 0.9+P and EC 0.9+P+K largely enhanced fruit yield, shoot weight and all nutrient uptake rates.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
EC 0.9+P+K enhanced shoot weight.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- EC 0.9+P+Ke0
- Outcome
- shoot weighte0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Experiment 2, P supplementation treatments of EC 0.9+P and EC 0.9+P+K largely enhanced fruit yield, shoot weight and all nutrient uptake rates.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
EC 0.9+P+K enhanced all nutrient uptake rates.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- EC 0.9+P+Ke0
- Outcome
- all nutrient uptake ratese0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In Experiment 2, P supplementation treatments of EC 0.9+P and EC 0.9+P+K largely enhanced fruit yield, shoot weight and all nutrient uptake rates.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
K supplementation: yield improvement was not observed.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- EC 0.9+Ke0
- Outcome
- yield improvemente0
- Direction
- not observede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, yield improvement was not observed at EC 0.9+K, and only K uptake was promoted in K-supplemented treatment.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
K supplementation: K uptake was promoted.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Treatment
- K-supplemented treatmente0
- Outcome
- K uptakee0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In contrast, yield improvement was not observed at EC 0.9+K, and only K uptake was promoted in K-supplemented treatment.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruit yellow-shoulder incidence and index tended to decline across the listed solution treatments.
- Taxon
- TomatoesSolanum lycopersicume1
- Outcome
- fruit yellow-shoulder incidence and indexe0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Qualifier
- EC 0.9 > EC 0.9+P > EC 0.9+K > EC 0.9+P+Ke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The fruit yellow-shoulder incidence and index tended to decrease in the following order: EC 0.9 > EC 0.9+P > EC 0.9+K > EC 0.9+P+K.”
e1“Tomatoes ‘CF Momotaro York’ were grown in a 250 mL pot filled with granular rockwool combined with LN&HD.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend increasing P and K in nutrient solution for optimal growth, yield and fewer deficiency symptoms.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume0
- Treatment
- increase P and K concentrations of nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- optimal tomato vegetative growth, achieve higher yield comparable to that with EC 1.2 dS·m−1, and produce fewer P- and K-deficiency symptomse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In conclusion, it was effective to increase P and K concentrations of nutrient solution on the basis of Enshi nutrient solution formula (EC 0.9 dS·m−1), to maintain optimal tomato vegetative growth, achieve higher yield comparable to that with EC 1.2 dS·m−1, and produce fewer P- and K-deficiency symptoms in the case of ELVS combined with LN&HD culture by a high-frequency and small-volume application method.”
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See all 668 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.