Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) level is continuously increasing in agricultural soils mainly through anthropogenic activities. Cadmium is one of the most phytotoxic metals in soils. The present study investigates the possible role of exogenously applied glycinebetaine (GB) in alleviating Cd toxicity in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plants in a hydroponic system. Three concentrations of Cd (0, 1.0, and 5.0 μM) were tested with and without foliar application of GB (1.0 mM). Cadmium toxicity caused a significant decrease in plant height, root length, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weights of leaf, stem and root and intensively increased Cd concentration in different plant parts. Cadmium toxicity also decreased photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange characteristics in leaves. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalases (CAT) and ascorbate (APX) activities increased under lower Cd stress (1.0 μM) while decreased under higher Cd stress (5.0 μM). Cadmium toxicity increased the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as indicated by the increased production of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydgrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage in both leaves and roots. Application of GB decreased Cd concentration in different plant parts, alleviated Cd-induced inhibition in plant growth and biomass and led to a significant increase in photosynthetic pigments, protein contents and antioxidant enzymes. Glycinebetaine application alleviated the oxidative damage as evidenced by the decreased production of electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and MDA contents. These results revealed that GB might alleviate Cd toxicity in cotton plants through lowering Cd concentrations and regulating Cd induced oxidative stress in different plant parts possibly by increasing the performance of the antioxidant enzymatic system.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium reduced cotton growth and biomass traits.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- Cadmium toxicitye0
- Outcome
- plant height, root length, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weights of leaf, stem and roote0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium toxicity caused a significant decrease in plant height, root length, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weights of leaf, stem and root”
t0“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased its concentration in plant parts.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Cadmium toxicitye1
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in different plant partse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intensively increased Cd concentration in different plant parts”
t0“cotton seedlings”
e1“Cadmium toxicity caused a significant decrease in plant height, root length, number of leaves per plant, fresh and dry weights of leaf, stem and root”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium decreased photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- Cadmium toxicitye0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange characteristicse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium toxicity also decreased photosynthetic pigments and gas exchange characteristics in leaves.”
t0“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities increased at lower cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- lower Cd stress (1.0 μM)e0
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalases (CAT) and ascorbate (APX) activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalases (CAT) and ascorbate (APX) activities increased under lower Cd stress (1.0 μM)”
t0“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Antioxidant enzyme activities decreased at higher cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- higher Cd stress (5.0 μM)e0
- Outcome
- Superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalases (CAT) and ascorbate (APX) activitiese1
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased under higher Cd stress (5.0 μM)”
t0“cotton seedlings”
e1“Superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD), catalases (CAT) and ascorbate (APX) activities increased under lower Cd stress (1.0 μM)”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium increased oxidative damage indicators.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- leaves and rootse0
- Treatment
- Cadmium toxicitye0
- Outcome
- reactive oxygen species (ROS)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium toxicity increased the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as indicated by the increased production of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydgrogen peroxide (H2O2) and electrolyte leakage in both leaves and roots.”
t0“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine reduced cadmium concentrations in plant parts.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Application of GBe0
- Outcome
- Cd concentration in different plant partse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of GB decreased Cd concentration in different plant parts”
t0“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine alleviated inhibition of growth and biomass.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Application of GBe1
- Outcome
- plant growth and biomasse0
- Direction
- alleviatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“alleviated Cd-induced inhibition in plant growth and biomass”
t0“cotton seedlings”
e1“Application of GB decreased Cd concentration in different plant parts”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine increased photosynthetic pigments, protein and antioxidant enzymes.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Application of GBe1
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigments, protein contents and antioxidant enzymese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“led to a significant increase in photosynthetic pigments, protein contents and antioxidant enzymes”
t0“cotton seedlings”
e1“Application of GB decreased Cd concentration in different plant parts”
Claim · model-written summary
Glycinebetaine reduced oxidative damage indicators.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Glycinebetaine applicatione1
- Outcome
- electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and MDA contentse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“decreased production of electrolyte leakage, H2O2 and MDA contents”
t0“cotton seedlings”
e1“Glycinebetaine application alleviated the oxidative damage”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.