Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous element that may jeopardize environmental safety and human health through biotransfer and trophic accumulation. Here, we tested Cd toxicity on cotton plants, cotton bollworms, and their responses. Results demonstrated that Cd accumulated in plant roots, aerial parts, insect larvae, pupae, and frass in a dose-dependent pattern. The ∼9.35 mg kg –1 of Cd in plant aerial parts, ∼3.68 in larvae, ∼6.43 in pupae, and high transfer coefficient (∼5.59) indicate significant mobility. The ∼19.61 mg kg –1 of Cd in larvae frass suggests an effective detoxification strategy, while BAF cotton (∼1.14) and BAF worm (∼0.54) indicated low bioaccumulation. Cadmium exposure resulted in compromised plant growth and yield as well as alterations in photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, and certain life history traits of cotton bollworms. Furthermore, carboxylesterase activity and encapsulation rates of insect larvae decreased with increasing Cd concentrations, whereas acetylcholinesterase, phenol oxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and multifunctional oxidase exhibited hormesis responses.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium accumulated in cotton roots in a dose-dependent pattern.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- Cd accumulated in plant rootse0
- Direction
- dose-dependent patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd accumulated in plant roots, aerial parts, insect larvae, pupae, and frass in a dose-dependent pattern.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium accumulated in cotton aerial parts in a dose-dependent pattern.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Cde0
- Outcome
- aerial partse0
- Direction
- dose-dependent patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd accumulated in plant roots, aerial parts, insect larvae, pupae, and frass in a dose-dependent pattern.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium accumulated in cotton bollworm larvae, pupae and frass in a dose-dependent pattern.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Cotton Bollworm
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=60)
Helicoverpa armigerat0pest - Outcome
- insect larvae, pupae, and frasse0
- Direction
- dose-dependent patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_gusano_cogollero.png?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Cd accumulated in plant roots, aerial parts, insect larvae, pupae, and frass in a dose-dependent pattern.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium concentration in cotton aerial parts was approximately 9.35 mg kg –1.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- Cd in plant aerial partse0
- Value
- ∼9.35 mg kg –1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ∼9.35 mg kg –1 of Cd in plant aerial parts, ∼3.68 in larvae, ∼6.43 in pupae, and high transfer coefficient (∼5.59) indicate significant mobility.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium in bollworm larvae was approximately 3.68.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Cotton BollwormHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Outcome
- in larvaee0
- Value
- ∼3.68e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ∼9.35 mg kg –1 of Cd in plant aerial parts, ∼3.68 in larvae, ∼6.43 in pupae, and high transfer coefficient (∼5.59) indicate significant mobility.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium in bollworm pupae was approximately 6.43.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Cotton BollwormHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Outcome
- in pupaee0
- Value
- ∼6.43e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ∼9.35 mg kg –1 of Cd in plant aerial parts, ∼3.68 in larvae, ∼6.43 in pupae, and high transfer coefficient (∼5.59) indicate significant mobility.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
The cadmium transfer coefficient was approximately 5.59.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Outcome
- transfer coefficiente0
- Direction
- highe0
- Value
- ∼5.59e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“high transfer coefficient (∼5.59) indicate significant mobility.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Bollworm larval frass contained approximately 19.61 mg kg –1 cadmium.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Cotton BollwormHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Outcome
- Cd in larvae frasse0
- Value
- ∼19.61 mg kg –1e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ∼19.61 mg kg –1 of Cd in larvae frass suggests an effective detoxification strategy, while BAF cotton (∼1.14) and BAF worm (∼0.54) indicated low bioaccumulation.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton had a bioaccumulation factor of approximately 1.14.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Outcome
- BAF cottone0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- ∼1.14e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BAF cotton (∼1.14) and BAF worm (∼0.54) indicated low bioaccumulation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton bollworm had a bioaccumulation factor of approximately 0.54.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Interactor
- Cotton BollwormHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Outcome
- BAF worme0
- Direction
- lowe0
- Value
- ∼0.54e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“BAF cotton (∼1.14) and BAF worm (∼0.54) indicated low bioaccumulation.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure compromised cotton growth and yield.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- plant growth and yielde0
- Direction
- compromisede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure resulted in compromised plant growth and yield as well as alterations in photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, and certain life history traits of cotton bollworms.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure altered cotton photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzyme activity.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidant enzyme activitiese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure resulted in compromised plant growth and yield as well as alterations in photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, and certain life history traits of cotton bollworms.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium exposure altered cotton bollworm life history traits.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Cadmium exposuree0
- Interactor
- cotton bollwormsHelicoverpa armigerae0pestt0
- Outcome
- life history traits of cotton bollwormse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cadmium exposure resulted in compromised plant growth and yield as well as alterations in photosynthetic pigment contents, antioxidant enzyme activities, and certain life history traits of cotton bollworms.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval carboxylesterase activity and encapsulation rates declined as cadmium concentration increased.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- increasing Cd concentrationse0
- Interactor
- Cotton BollwormHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Outcome
- carboxylesterase activity and encapsulation rates of insect larvaee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“carboxylesterase activity and encapsulation rates of insect larvae decreased with increasing Cd concentrations”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
Claim · model-written summary
Larval acetylcholinesterase, phenol oxidase, glutathione S-transferase and multifunctional oxidase showed hormesis responses to cadmium.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- Cotton BollwormHelicoverpa armigerat0pest
- Outcome
- acetylcholinesterase, phenol oxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and multifunctional oxidasee0
- Direction
- hormesis responsese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“acetylcholinesterase, phenol oxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and multifunctional oxidase exhibited hormesis responses.”
t0“Soil-Cotton Plant-Cotton Bollworm”
The same questions in other papers
heavy metal · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.