Abstract
Cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil has seriously endangered the agricultural ecological environment, food security and human health. The large biomass, strong capacity of Cd accumulation, and non-edible properties of fiber are the characteristics of cotton, which make it unique in both agricultural production and the remediation of Cd pollution in soil. Phytochelatin synthase (PCS) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of phytochelatin, and its gene expression is regulated by tissue development and Cd stress. In this experiment, the morphological and physiological characteristics of cotton seedlings were examined, and the PCS gene was cloned and its expression was analyzed in cotton leaves and roots under Cd stress. The results showed that Cd stress caused a decrease in the biomass of roots, stems and leaves of cotton seedlings, and the plants were slender and severely dehydrated, resulting in a decrease in the contents of glutamic acid (Glu), glycine (Gly) and cysteine (Cys), but a increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). The Cd contents of shoots and roots increased significantly, and the contents of Cu, Mn, Mg, K in shoots and Mn, Mg, K in roots decreased under Cd stress, while Cu in roots increased. A 1473 bp GhPCS gene was cloned, which can encode 491 amino acid residues. With the increasing Cd concentration and the extension of treatment time, the expression of GhPCS gene in leaves and roots showed dose and time effects. The expression of the GhPCS gene in cotton leaves increased to the highest at 48 h under 200 μM Cd, and reached a maximum at 24 h under 400 μM Cd, indicating that the GhPCS gene in leaves was rapidly and actively expressed in response to high concentration of Cd. The expression of GhPCS gene in roots was lower than that in leaves under different Cd concentrations, and reached the maximum at 48 h, indicating that the GhPCS gene in roots had relatively stable adaptability to Cd stress. And Cd stress improved the expression of GhPCS gene, especially in roots, which in turn increased the accumulation of Cd in shoots and roots. This study provides a theoretical basis for further research on the functional characteristics of the GhPCS gene and its molecular mechanism in cotton under Cd pollution in soil.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress decreased cotton root, stem and leaf biomass and caused slender, dehydrated seedlings.
- Taxon
- cotton
Gossypium hirsutume0 - Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- biomass of roots, stems and leavese0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd stress caused a decrease in the biomass of roots, stems and leaves of cotton seedlings, and the plants were slender and severely dehydrated”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress decreased cotton glutamic acid, glycine and cysteine contents.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- cadmium stresst0
- Outcome
- contents of glutamic acid (Glu), glycine (Gly) and cysteine (Cys)e0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“resulting in a decrease in the contents of glutamic acid (Glu), glycine (Gly) and cysteine (Cys)”
t0“cadmium stress”
t1“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased cotton antioxidant enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- cadmium stresst0
- Outcome
- activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR)”
t0“cadmium stress”
t1“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased cotton malondialdehyde content.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- cadmium stresst0
- Outcome
- content of malondialdehyde (MDA)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA)”
t0“cadmium stress”
t1“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium content in cotton shoots and roots increased significantly under cadmium stress.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- cadmium stresst0
- Outcome
- Cd contents of shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The Cd contents of shoots and roots increased significantly”
t0“cadmium stress”
t1“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress decreased Cu, Mn, Mg and K contents in cotton shoots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- contents of Cu, Mn, Mg, K in shootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contents of Cu, Mn, Mg, K in shoots and Mn, Mg, K in roots decreased under Cd stress”
t0“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress decreased Mn, Mg and K contents in cotton roots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Outcome
- Mn, Mg, K in rootse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“contents of Cu, Mn, Mg, K in shoots and Mn, Mg, K in roots decreased under Cd stress”
t0“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased Cu content in cotton roots.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt1
- Treatment
- cadmium stresst0
- Outcome
- Cu in rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while Cu in roots increased.”
t0“cadmium stress”
t1“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The cotton GhPCS gene was cloned at 1473 bp and encodes 491 amino acid residues.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Gene
- GhPCSe0
- Outcome
- GhPCS gene was clonede0
- Value
- 1473 bpe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 1473 bp GhPCS gene was cloned, which can encode 491 amino acid residues.”
t0“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The cloned cotton GhPCS gene can encode 491 amino acid residues.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Gene
- GhPCSe0
- Outcome
- encodee0
- Value
- 491 amino acid residuese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A 1473 bp GhPCS gene was cloned, which can encode 491 amino acid residues.”
t0“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton GhPCS expression in leaves and roots showed cadmium dose and time effects.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- increasing Cd concentration and the extension of treatment timee0
- Gene
- GhPCSe0
- Outcome
- expression of GhPCS gene in leaves and rootse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With the increasing Cd concentration and the extension of treatment time, the expression of GhPCS gene in leaves and roots showed dose and time effects.”
t0“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf GhPCS expression peaked at 48 h under 200 μM Cd.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- 200 μM Cde0
- Gene
- GhPCSe0
- Outcome
- expression of the GhPCS genee0
- Direction
- increased to the higheste0
- Value
- 48 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the GhPCS gene in cotton leaves increased to the highest at 48 h under 200 μM Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Leaf GhPCS expression peaked at 24 h under 400 μM Cd.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- 400 μM Cde0
- Gene
- GhPCSe0
- Outcome
- expression of the GhPCS genee0
- Direction
- reached a maximume0
- Value
- 24 he0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of the GhPCS gene in cotton leaves increased to the highest at 48 h under 200 μM Cd, and reached a maximum at 24 h under 400 μM Cd”
Claim · model-written summary
Root GhPCS expression was lower than leaf expression across cadmium concentrations and peaked at 48 h.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Gene
- GhPCSe0
- Outcome
- expression of GhPCS genee0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Value
- 48 he0
- Comparator
- leavese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression of GhPCS gene in roots was lower than that in leaves under different Cd concentrations, and reached the maximum at 48 h”
t0“cotton seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Cadmium stress increased cotton GhPCS expression, especially in roots, which authors linked to increased cadmium accumulation.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Cd stresse0
- Gene
- GhPCSe0
- Outcome
- accumulation of Cd in shoots and rootse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Cd stress improved the expression of GhPCS gene, especially in roots, which in turn increased the accumulation of Cd in shoots and roots.”
t0“cotton seedlings”
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