Abstract
The rice variety, Chianung 242 was subjected to 4 levels of fertilization and two levels of planting density arranged in a 4×2 factorial oxperiment with four replications. The experiment was conducted at Chiayi Agricultural Experiment Station in the first crop of 1964. Data on grain yield, components of yield and several other agronomic characters were taken to analyze the effects of the treatments as well as their interactions. Split fertilizaions generally produced higher yields than conventional one, a difference exceeded the 5% level of probability. The yield increase appeared to be due largely to the increase of panicles and grains. Responses of grain yield as well as other agronomic characters measured to the split application of phosphoric fertilizer were not evident. However, there were indications for the effects of split applications of nitrogen and potash fertilizers. Splitting nitrogen four times with the ratio of 3: 3: 3: 1 during the entire period of growth gave, so far, the highest grain yield. Higher dosages of nitrogen applied at the first top-and second top-dressings resulted in the decrease of grain yield, severe occurrence of neck blast disease and lodging, suggesting that splitting ratio of 6: 3: 3 was better than that of 2: 4: 4 under the conditions of this experiment. For potash fertilizer, the splitting ratio of 6:4 gave better grain yield than that of 6.7: 3.3. Applying first top-, second top-, and third top-dressings at stages of maximum tillering, floral primordia differentiation and spiklet and pollen mother cell differentiations, respectively, appeared to be effective. However, other alternatives should also be explored. The high planting density produced higher yield than lower one, a difference exceeded 1% level of probability. The yield increase was attributable to the increase of panicles per unit area. Rice plants in the plots of split fertilizations generally tillered less with shorter culms in the early stage of growth, but they overgrew those of conventional fertilization for these characters at the maturing stage. The panicles of split fertilizations were generally heavier and longer than those of coventional one. Number of tillers, plant height, panicle weight and panicle length were generally decreased in the plots of high planting density. Split fertilzations significantly stimulated the occurrence of neck blast disease which, in turn, caused a reduction in grain weight. Planting density did not affect the occurrence of rice blast disease. Split fertilizations significantly increased the length of internodes especially that of the third and the fifth internodes. The elongation of internodes, especially at the third and the fifth, seemed to be related to the severe lodging of the plots treated with split fertilizations. The results suggested that the practice of split fertilization in the first crop should take into account the occurrence of blast disease and lodging. Planting density did not cause a significant change in the length of internodes. However, there was tendency for a high planting density to accompany a higher percentage of lodging. There were no significant interactions between the split application of fertilizers and planting density for all the characters measured in this experiment.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
Split fertilization raised grain yield relative to conventional application.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- Split fertilizaionse0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- conventional onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Split fertilizaions generally produced higher yields than conventional one, a difference exceeded the 5% level of probability.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Split fertilization increased panicle number.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Split fertilizaionse1
- Outcome
- paniclese0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield increase appeared to be due largely to the increase of panicles and grains.”
e1“Split fertilizaions generally produced higher yields than conventional one, a difference exceeded the 5% level of probability.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Split fertilization increased grain number.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Split fertilizaionse1
- Outcome
- grainse0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield increase appeared to be due largely to the increase of panicles and grains.”
e1“Split fertilizaions generally produced higher yields than conventional one, a difference exceeded the 5% level of probability.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Split phosphoric fertilizer had no evident response in grain yield or other measured traits.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- split application of phosphoric fertilizere0
- Outcome
- grain yield as well as other agronomic characterse0
- Direction
- not evidente0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Responses of grain yield as well as other agronomic characters measured to the split application of phosphoric fertilizer were not evident.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Four nitrogen splits at 3: 3: 3: 1 gave the highest grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Splitting nitrogen four times with the ratio of 3: 3: 3: 1e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Splitting nitrogen four times with the ratio of 3: 3: 3: 1 during the entire period of growth gave, so far, the highest grain yield.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen dosages at the first two top dressings reduced grain yield.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Higher dosages of nitrogen applied at the first top-and second top-dressingse0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher dosages of nitrogen applied at the first top-and second top-dressings resulted in the decrease of grain yield, severe occurrence of neck blast disease and lodging”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen dosages at the first two top dressings increased neck blast disease.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Higher dosages of nitrogen applied at the first top-and second top-dressingse0
- Outcome
- occurrence of neck blast diseasee0
- Direction
- severee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher dosages of nitrogen applied at the first top-and second top-dressings resulted in the decrease of grain yield, severe occurrence of neck blast disease and lodging”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher nitrogen dosages at the first two top dressings increased lodging.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Higher dosages of nitrogen applied at the first top-and second top-dressingse0
- Outcome
- lodginge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Higher dosages of nitrogen applied at the first top-and second top-dressings resulted in the decrease of grain yield, severe occurrence of neck blast disease and lodging”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
The potassium split ratio 6:4 gave better grain yield than 6.7: 3.3.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- splitting ratio of 6:4e0
- Outcome
- grain yielde0
- Direction
- bettere0
- Comparator
- 6.7: 3.3e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For potash fertilizer, the splitting ratio of 6:4 gave better grain yield than that of 6.7: 3.3.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher planting density raised yield relative to lower density.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high planting densitye0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- lower onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The high planting density produced higher yield than lower one, a difference exceeded 1% level of probability.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher planting density increased panicles per unit area.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high planting densitye1
- Outcome
- panicles per unit areae0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield increase was attributable to the increase of panicles per unit area.”
e1“The high planting density produced higher yield than lower one, a difference exceeded 1% level of probability.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Split fertilization reduced tillering and culm length early in growth.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- early stage of growthe0
- Treatment
- split fertilizationse0
- Outcome
- tillered less with shorter culmse0
- Direction
- lesse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Rice plants in the plots of split fertilizations generally tillered less with shorter culms in the early stage of growth”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Split fertilization gave greater tillering and culm length at maturity.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- maturing stagee0
- Treatment
- split fertilizationse1
- Outcome
- these characterse0
- Direction
- overgrewe0
- Comparator
- conventional fertilizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but they overgrew those of conventional fertilization for these characters at the maturing stage.”
e1“Rice plants in the plots of split fertilizations generally tillered less with shorter culms in the early stage of growth”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Split fertilization produced heavier and longer panicles.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- split fertilizationse0
- Outcome
- paniclese0
- Direction
- heavier and longere0
- Comparator
- coventional onee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The panicles of split fertilizations were generally heavier and longer than those of coventional one.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
High planting density reduced tillers, plant height, panicle weight and panicle length.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high planting densitye0
- Outcome
- Number of tillers, plant height, panicle weight and panicle lengthe0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Number of tillers, plant height, panicle weight and panicle length were generally decreased in the plots of high planting density.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Split fertilization increased neck blast disease occurrence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Split fertilzationse0
- Outcome
- occurrence of neck blast diseasee0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Split fertilzations significantly stimulated the occurrence of neck blast disease which, in turn, caused a reduction in grain weight.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Neck blast disease reduced grain weight.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- neck blast diseasee0
- Outcome
- grain weighte0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“neck blast disease which, in turn, caused a reduction in grain weight.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Split fertilization increased internode length, particularly the third and fifth internodes.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- third and the fifth internodese0
- Treatment
- Split fertilizationse0
- Outcome
- length of internodese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Split fertilizations significantly increased the length of internodes especially that of the third and the fifth internodes.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
Planting density did not affect rice blast occurrence.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- Planting densitye0
- Outcome
- occurrence of rice blast diseasee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Planting density did not affect the occurrence of rice blast disease.”
t0“Rice”
Claim · model-written summary
High planting density tended to increase lodging.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- high planting densitye0
- Outcome
- percentage of lodginge0
- Direction
- highere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was tendency for a high planting density to accompany a higher percentage of lodging.”
t0“Rice”
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See all 2,045 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.