Abstract
Little is known about the effect of elemental sulfur on lead uptake and its toxicity in wheat. A pot experiment was conducted with the purpose to examine the impact of sulfur on improving Pb solubility in soil, and uptake and accumulation in wheat plants. The effect of three levels of lead (0, 50, and 100 mg/kg soil) and sulfur (0, 150, and 300 mmol/kg soil) was tested in all possible combinations. Root dry matter, straw, and grain yields, and the photosynthetic and transpiration rates decreased significantly with increase in the concentration of Pb in the soil. However, sulfur fertilization in the presence of Pb improved the photosynthetic and transpiration rates and consequently increased the straw and grain yields of wheat. It also enhanced Pb accumulation in roots, its translocation from roots to shoot, and accumulation in grain. S and Zn contents of different plant parts were also enhanced. Thus, by mitigating the toxic effect of Pb and improving wheat growth, sulfur enhances Pb accumulation by the aboveground plant parts and hence the phytoextraction capacity of wheat. However, total accumulation of Pb shows that wheat plant cannot be considered as a suitable candidate for phytoremediation.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil Pb significantly decreased wheat root dry matter, straw yield and grain yield.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- increase in the concentration of Pb in the soile0
- Outcome
- Root dry matter, straw, and grain yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Root dry matter, straw, and grain yields, and the photosynthetic and transpiration rates decreased significantly with increase in the concentration of Pb in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing soil Pb significantly decreased wheat photosynthetic and transpiration rates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- increase in the concentration of Pb in the soile0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic and transpiration ratese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“Root dry matter, straw, and grain yields, and the photosynthetic and transpiration rates decreased significantly with increase in the concentration of Pb in the soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur fertilization under Pb exposure improved photosynthetic and transpiration rates.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sulfur fertilization in the presence of Pbe0
- Outcome
- photosynthetic and transpiration ratese0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“sulfur fertilization in the presence of Pb improved the photosynthetic and transpiration rates and consequently increased the straw and grain yields of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur fertilization under Pb exposure increased wheat straw and grain yields.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sulfur fertilization in the presence of Pbe0
- Outcome
- straw and grain yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sulfur fertilization in the presence of Pb improved the photosynthetic and transpiration rates and consequently increased the straw and grain yields of wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur fertilization enhanced Pb accumulation in roots.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulfur fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- Pb accumulation in rootse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“It also enhanced Pb accumulation in roots, its translocation from roots to shoot, and accumulation in grain”
e1“sulfur fertilization in the presence of Pb”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur fertilization enhanced Pb translocation from roots to shoot.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulfur fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- translocation from roots to shoote0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“It also enhanced Pb accumulation in roots, its translocation from roots to shoot, and accumulation in grain”
e1“sulfur fertilization in the presence of Pb”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur fertilization enhanced Pb accumulation in grain.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulfur fertilizatione1
- Outcome
- accumulation in graine0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“It also enhanced Pb accumulation in roots, its translocation from roots to shoot, and accumulation in grain”
e1“sulfur fertilization in the presence of Pb”
Claim · model-written summary
Sulfur fertilization enhanced S and Zn contents in plant parts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- sulfure1
- Outcome
- S and Zn contents of different plant partse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“wheat”
e0“S and Zn contents of different plant parts were also enhanced”
e1“sulfur fertilization in the presence of Pb”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude wheat is unsuitable for phytoremediation based on total Pb accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- cannot be considered as a suitable candidate for phytoremediatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total accumulation of Pb shows that wheat plant cannot be considered as a suitable candidate for phytoremediation”
The same questions in other papers
sulfur atom · nutrient: content · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
50 papers in the same direction as this paper · 15 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- negative
- no effect
62 papers more in this group
See all 66 papers →sulfur atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
123 papers in the same direction as this paper · 23 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
144 papers more in this group
See all 148 papers →lead atom · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
5 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →lead atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
7 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
4 papers more in this group
See all 8 papers →sulfur atom · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 36 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
35 papers more in this group
See all 39 papers →sulfur atom · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
11 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
- positive
8 papers more in this group
See all 12 papers →fertilization · physiology: photosynthesis · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
125 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- negative
- negative
129 papers more in this group
See all 133 papers →fertilization · molecular: metabolites · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
55 papers in the same direction as this paper · 232 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
284 papers more in this group
See all 288 papers →8 of 9 groups shown: named compounds and organisms first, then groups whose results differ (checked claim by claim), then those with positive and negative results, then the smaller groups.
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.