Abstract
Protective role of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) on seed germination and seedling growth was studied in wheat (Triticum) seeds subjected to aluminum (Al(3+)) stress. We show that germination and seedling growth of wheat is inhibited by high concentrations of AlCl(3). At 30 mmol/L AlCl(3) germination is reduced by about 50% and seedling growth is more dramatically inhibited by this treatment. Pre-incubation of wheat seeds in the H(2)S donor NaHS alleviates AlCl(3)-induced stress in a dose-dependant manner at an optimal concentration of 0.3 mmol/L. We verified that the role of NaHS in alleviating Al(3+) stress could be attributed to H(2)S/HS(-) by showing that the level of endogenous H(2)S increased following NaHS treatment. Furthermore, other sodium salts containing sulfur were ineffective in alleviating Al(3+) stress. NaHS pretreatment significantly increased the activities of amylases and esterases and sustained much lower levels of MDA and H(2)O(2) in germinating seeds under Al(3+) stress. Moreover, NaHS pretreatment increased the activities of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase and decreased that of lipoxygenase. NaHS pretreatment also decreased the uptake of Al(3+) in AlCl(3)-treated seed. Taken together these results suggest that H(2)S could increase antioxidant capability in wheat seeds leading to the alleviation of Al(3+) stress.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
High AlCl(3) concentrations inhibited germination and seedling growth.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- high concentrations of AlCl(3)e0
- Outcome
- germination and seedling growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“germination and seedling growth of wheat is inhibited by high concentrations of AlCl(3)”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 mmol/L AlCl(3), germination fell by about 50%.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 30 mmol/L AlCl(3)e0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- about 50%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At 30 mmol/L AlCl(3) germination is reduced by about 50%”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
At 30 mmol/L AlCl(3), seedling growth was more strongly inhibited than germination.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- 30 mmol/L AlCl(3)e1
- Outcome
- seedling growthe0
- Direction
- more dramatically inhibitede0
- Comparator
- germinatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seedling growth is more dramatically inhibited by this treatment”
e1“At 30 mmol/L AlCl(3) germination is reduced by about 50%”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS preincubation alleviated aluminum stress dose dependently, optimally at 0.3 mmol/L.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Pre-incubation of wheat seeds in the H(2)S donor NaHSe0
- Outcome
- AlCl(3)-induced stresse0
- Direction
- alleviatese0
- Value
- 0.3 mmol/Le0
- Qualifier
- dose-dependant mannere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Pre-incubation of wheat seeds in the H(2)S donor NaHS alleviates AlCl(3)-induced stress in a dose-dependant manner at an optimal concentration of 0.3 mmol/L”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS treatment increased endogenous H(2)S.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaHS treatmente0
- Outcome
- level of endogenous H(2)Se0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the level of endogenous H(2)S increased following NaHS treatment”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Other sulfur-containing sodium salts did not alleviate aluminum stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- other sodium salts containing sulfure0
- Outcome
- alleviating Al(3+) stresse0
- Direction
- ineffectivee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“other sodium salts containing sulfur were ineffective in alleviating Al(3+) stress”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS pretreatment significantly raised amylase and esterase activities under aluminum stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaHS pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- activities of amylases and esterasese0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- under Al(3+) stresse1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaHS pretreatment significantly increased the activities of amylases and esterases”
e1“in germinating seeds under Al(3+) stress”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS pretreatment maintained lower MDA and H(2)O(2) in germinating seeds under aluminum stress.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Organ / stage
- germinating seedse0
- Treatment
- NaHS pretreatmente1
- Outcome
- levels of MDA and H(2)O(2)e0
- Direction
- much lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sustained much lower levels of MDA and H(2)O(2) in germinating seeds under Al(3+) stress”
e1“NaHS pretreatment significantly increased the activities of amylases and esterases”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS pretreatment increased guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaHS pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- activities of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalasee0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaHS pretreatment increased the activities of guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS pretreatment lowered lipoxygenase activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaHS pretreatmente1
- Outcome
- lipoxygenasee0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“and decreased that of lipoxygenase”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
e1“NaHS pretreatment increased the activities of guaiacol peroxidase”
Claim · model-written summary
NaHS pretreatment decreased Al(3+) uptake in aluminum-treated seed.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- NaHS pretreatmente0
- Outcome
- uptake of Al(3+)e0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“NaHS pretreatment also decreased the uptake of Al(3+) in AlCl(3)-treated seed”
t0“Wheat Seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose that H(2)S raises antioxidant capacity, alleviating aluminum stress.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Compound
- H(2)Se0
- Outcome
- alleviation of Al(3+) stresse0
- Qualifier
- increase antioxidant capabilitye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“H(2)S could increase antioxidant capability in wheat seeds leading to the alleviation of Al(3+) stress”
The same questions in other papers
aluminium trichloride · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results differ
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.