Paper · 2004 · Indian Journal of Weed Science

Effect of Different Herbicides Alone and in Mixture on the Control of Isoproturon-Resistant and Susceptible Populations of Phalaris minor

Ashok Yadav; R. K. Malik; R. S. Balyan; et al.

15
claims
33
verbatim quotes
3
citations
2
research areas
—
Not open access

Abstract

Isoproturon at 1.0 kg, metoxuron at 1.6 kg and methabenzthiazuron 1.4 kg ha−1 applied at 3-leaf stage provided more than 80% control of both susceptible (S) biotypcs (R1 and H2) of P. minor: however, these herbicides were ineffective against resistant (R) biotypes (H3, KR1 and UP1) even at higher doses. Mon-48549 at 25 and 50 g, and Foe-5043 at 300 and 600 g ha−1 also did not control this weed satisfactorily. Performance of diclofop and metribuzin was also erratic against R and S biotypes. Clodinafop at 60 g, fenoxaprop at 120 g, sulfosulfuron at 25 g and tralkoxydim at 350 g ha−1 applied at 3-leaf stage resulted in 82–95% reduction in the dry weight of R as well as 5 biotypes of P. minur: Metribuzin at 200 and 400 g ha−1, and Mon-48549 at 25 and 50 g ha−1 caused 15 to 30% phytotoxicity to wheat. Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE).

Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗

The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.

Claims 15

Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Isoproturon at 1.0 kg ha-1 gave more than 80% control of susceptible Phalaris minor biotypes.

Material
susceptible (S) biotypcs (R1 and H2)e1
Treatment
Isoproturon at 1.0 kge0
Interactor
P. minorPhalaris minore1weed
Outcome
controle1
Direction
increaseinferrede1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phalaris minor
Phalaris minor · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMatt Lavin from Bozeman, Montana, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑
e0

“Isoproturon at 1.0 kg, metoxuron at 1.6 kg and methabenzthiazuron 1.4 kg”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–72 · show in text ↑
e1

“provided more than 80% control of both susceptible (S) biotypcs (R1 and H2) of P. minor”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–189 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Metoxuron at 1.6 kg ha-1 gave more than 80% control of susceptible Phalaris minor biotypes.

Material
susceptible (S) biotypcs (R1 and H2)e1
Treatment
metoxuron at 1.6 kge0
Interactor
P. minorPhalaris minore1weed
Outcome
controle1
Direction
increaseinferrede1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phalaris minor
Phalaris minor · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMatt Lavin from Bozeman, Montana, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑
e0

“Isoproturon at 1.0 kg, metoxuron at 1.6 kg and methabenzthiazuron 1.4 kg”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–72 · show in text ↑
e1

“provided more than 80% control of both susceptible (S) biotypcs (R1 and H2) of P. minor”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–189 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Methabenzthiazuron at 1.4 kg gave more than 80% control of susceptible Phalaris minor biotypes.

Material
susceptible (S) biotypcs (R1 and H2)e1
Treatment
methabenzthiazuron 1.4 kge0
Interactor
P. minorPhalaris minore1weed
Outcome
controle1
Direction
increaseinferrede1

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phalaris minor
Phalaris minor · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMatt Lavin from Bozeman, Montana, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑
e0

“Isoproturon at 1.0 kg, metoxuron at 1.6 kg and methabenzthiazuron 1.4 kg”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 0–72 · show in text ↑
e1

“provided more than 80% control of both susceptible (S) biotypcs (R1 and H2) of P. minor”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–189 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

These herbicides were ineffective against resistant Phalaris minor biotypes even at higher doses.

Material
resistant (R) biotypes (H3, KR1 and UP1)e2
Treatment
higher dosese2
Interactor
P. minorPhalaris minore1weed
Outcome
controle1
Direction
ineffectivee2

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phalaris minor
Phalaris minor · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMatt Lavin from Bozeman, Montana, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑
e1

“provided more than 80% control of both susceptible (S) biotypcs (R1 and H2) of P. minor”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–189 · show in text ↑
e2

“these herbicides were ineffective against resistant (R) biotypes (H3, KR1 and UP1) even at higher doses”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 200–303 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mon-48549 at 25 and 50 g did not control Phalaris minor satisfactorily.

Treatment
Mon-48549 at 25 and 50 ge3
Interactor
P. minorPhalaris minore1weed
Outcome
controle3
Direction
did not controle3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phalaris minor
Phalaris minor · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMatt Lavin from Bozeman, Montana, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑
e1

“provided more than 80% control of both susceptible (S) biotypcs (R1 and H2) of P. minor”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–189 · show in text ↑
e3

“Mon-48549 at 25 and 50 g, and Foe-5043 at 300 and 600 g ha−1 also did not control this weed satisfactorily”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 305–411 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Foe-5043 at 300 and 600 g did not control Phalaris minor satisfactorily.

Treatment
Foe-5043 at 300 and 600 ge3
Interactor
P. minorPhalaris minore1weed
Outcome
controle3
Direction
did not controle3

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗
Phalaris minor
Phalaris minor · Interactor · picture from its Wikimedia Commons categoryMatt Lavin from Bozeman, Montana, USA · CC BY-SA 2.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑
e1

“provided more than 80% control of both susceptible (S) biotypcs (R1 and H2) of P. minor”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 102–189 · show in text ↑
e3

“Mon-48549 at 25 and 50 g, and Foe-5043 at 300 and 600 g ha−1 also did not control this weed satisfactorily”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 305–411 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Diclofop gave erratic performance against resistant and susceptible Phalaris minor biotypes.

Treatment
diclofope4
Outcome
Performancee4
Qualifier
erratic against R and S biotypese4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑
e4

“Performance of diclofop and metribuzin was also erratic against R and S biotypes”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 413–493 · show in text ↑
Observationobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Metribuzin gave erratic performance against resistant and susceptible Phalaris minor biotypes.

Treatment
metribuzine4
Outcome
Performancee4
Qualifier
erratic against R and S biotypese4

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑
e4

“Performance of diclofop and metribuzin was also erratic against R and S biotypes”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 413–493 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Clodinafop at 60 g reduced the dry weight of resistant and susceptible Phalaris minor by 82-95%.

Material
R as well as 5 biotypese5
Treatment
Clodinafop at 60 ge5
Interactor
P. minure5weed
Outcome
dry weighte5
Direction
reductione5
Value
82–95%e5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑
e5

“Clodinafop at 60 g, fenoxaprop at 120 g, sulfosulfuron at 25 g and tralkoxydim at 350 g ha−1 applied at 3-leaf stage resulted in 82–95% reduction in the dry weight of R as well as 5 biotypes of P. minur”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 495–697 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Fenoxaprop at 120 g reduced the dry weight of resistant and susceptible Phalaris minor by 82-95%.

Material
R as well as 5 biotypese5
Treatment
fenoxaprop at 120 ge5
Interactor
P. minure5weed
Outcome
dry weighte5
Direction
reductione5
Value
82–95%e5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑
e5

“Clodinafop at 60 g, fenoxaprop at 120 g, sulfosulfuron at 25 g and tralkoxydim at 350 g ha−1 applied at 3-leaf stage resulted in 82–95% reduction in the dry weight of R as well as 5 biotypes of P. minur”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 495–697 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Sulfosulfuron at 25 g reduced the dry weight of resistant and susceptible Phalaris minor by 82-95%.

Material
R as well as 5 biotypese5
Treatment
sulfosulfuron at 25 ge5
Interactor
P. minure5weed
Outcome
dry weighte5
Direction
reductione5
Value
82–95%e5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑
e5

“Clodinafop at 60 g, fenoxaprop at 120 g, sulfosulfuron at 25 g and tralkoxydim at 350 g ha−1 applied at 3-leaf stage resulted in 82–95% reduction in the dry weight of R as well as 5 biotypes of P. minur”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 495–697 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultpositivemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Tralkoxydim at 350 g reduced the dry weight of resistant and susceptible Phalaris minor by 82-95%.

Material
R as well as 5 biotypese5
Treatment
tralkoxydim at 350 ge5
Interactor
P. minure5weed
Outcome
dry weighte5
Direction
reductione5
Value
82–95%e5

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑
e5

“Clodinafop at 60 g, fenoxaprop at 120 g, sulfosulfuron at 25 g and tralkoxydim at 350 g ha−1 applied at 3-leaf stage resulted in 82–95% reduction in the dry weight of R as well as 5 biotypes of P. minur”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 495–697 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Metribuzin at 200 and 400 g caused 15 to 30% phytotoxicity to wheat.

Treatment
Metribuzin at 200 and 400 ge6
Outcome
phytotoxicitye6
Direction
causede6
Value
15 to 30%e6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e6

“Metribuzin at 200 and 400 g ha−1, and Mon-48549 at 25 and 50 g ha−1 caused 15 to 30% phytotoxicity to wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 699–806 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultnegativemeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Mon-48549 at 25 and 50 g caused 15 to 30% phytotoxicity to wheat.

Treatment
Mon-48549 at 25 and 50 ge6
Outcome
phytotoxicitye6
Direction
causede6
Value
15 to 30%e6

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e6

“Metribuzin at 200 and 400 g ha−1, and Mon-48549 at 25 and 50 g ha−1 caused 15 to 30% phytotoxicity to wheat”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 699–806 · show in text ↑
Intervention effectobservedoriginal resultno effectmeasured

Claim · model-written summary

Metribuzin alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat without adding to weed control efficiency.

Treatment
Metribuzin either alone or in mixturee7
Outcome
weed control efficiency (WCE)e7
Direction
without adding toe7

Not reportedComparator

Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.

Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivum · TaxonRasbak · CC BY-SA 3.0 · Wikimedia Commons ↗

Verbatim

e7

“Metribuzin either alone or in mixture caused phytotoxicity to wheat crop without adding to weed control efficiency (WCE)”

✓ located verbatim in the source · abstract, characters 808–928 · show in text ↑

metribuzin · crop injury · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

19 papers: 4 positive, 15 negative or no effect

14 papers in the same direction as this paper · 4 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

15 papers more in this group

See all 19 papers →

isoproturon · Phalaris minor · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

24 papers: 18 positive, 6 negative or no effect

17 papers in the same direction as this paper · 6 in the opposite direction

  1. negative
  2. negative
  3. negative

20 papers more in this group

See all 24 papers →

metribuzin · weed · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results

63 papers: 60 positive, 3 negative or no effect

2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 60 in the opposite direction

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

59 papers more in this group

See all 63 papers →

tralkoxydim · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

2 papers: 2 positive, 0 negative or no effect

1 paper in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
See all 2 papers →

metoxuron · Phalaris minor · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

Methabenzthiazuron · Phalaris minor · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

5 papers: 5 positive, 0 negative or no effect

4 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

1 paper more in this group

See all 5 papers →

clodinafop · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree

10 papers: 10 positive, 0 negative or no effect

9 papers in the same direction as this paper

  1. positive
  2. positive
  3. positive

6 papers more in this group

See all 10 papers →

Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.