Abstract
A global warming may have significant effect on physiology, development, growth and productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam) due to increase in CO2 concentration and temperature. This study was conducted to determine the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on the eco-physiological responses of rice. Rice plants were grown under AC-AT (ambient CO2 + ambient temperature), AC-ET (ambient CO2 + elevated temperature) and EC-ET (elevated CO2 + elevated temperature) from May to October in 2009. Shoot length was high at AC-ET and root length was the highest at AC-AT and the lowest at EC-ET. Aboveground, and total biomass were the highest at AC-AT and the lowest at EC-ET. Belowground biomass and root:shoot ratio were higher at AC-AT than at AC-ET. Panicle length was decreased by elevated CO2 and temperature. Panicle weight and no. of grains per panicle were higher at AC-AT and AC-ET than at ECET. Grain ripened ratio and weight of grain were not significantly affected by elevated CO2 and temperature. Chlorophyll and nitrogen content were higher at AC-AT than at AC-ET and EC-ET. Nitrogen content was higher at AC-AT and AC-ET than at EC-ET and carbon content was not significantly affected by elevated CO2 and temperature. C:N ratio was higher at EC-ET than at AC-AT and AC-ET. From the result, it can be concluded that growth and yield of rice had negative response to global warming situation.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Shoot length of rice was high under AC-ET.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.
Oryza sativat0 - Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- AC-ETe2
- Outcome
- Shoot lengthe2
- Direction
- highe2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e2“Shoot length was high at AC-ET”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length of rice was highest under AC-AT.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- AC-ATe3
- Outcome
- root lengthe3
- Direction
- the higheste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e3“root length was the highest at AC-AT and the lowest at EC-ET”
Claim · model-written summary
Root length of rice was lowest under EC-ET.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- EC-ETe3
- Outcome
- root lengthe3
- Direction
- the loweste3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e3“root length was the highest at AC-AT and the lowest at EC-ET”
Claim · model-written summary
Aboveground and total biomass of rice were highest under AC-AT.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- AC-ATe4
- Outcome
- Aboveground, and total biomasse4
- Direction
- the higheste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e4“Aboveground, and total biomass were the highest at AC-AT and the lowest at EC-ET”
Claim · model-written summary
Aboveground and total biomass of rice were lowest under EC-ET.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- EC-ETe4
- Outcome
- Aboveground, and total biomasse4
- Direction
- the loweste4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e4“Aboveground, and total biomass were the highest at AC-AT and the lowest at EC-ET”
Claim · model-written summary
Belowground biomass and root:shoot ratio of rice were higher under AC-AT than under AC-ET.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- AC-ATe5
- Outcome
- Belowground biomass and root:shoot ratioe5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- AC-ETe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e1“Rice plants were grown under AC-AT (ambient CO2 + ambient temperature), AC-ET (ambient CO2 + elevated temperature) and EC-ET (elevated CO2 + elevated temperature)”
e5“Belowground biomass and root:shoot ratio were higher at AC-AT than at AC-ET”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle length of rice was decreased by elevated CO2 and temperature.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 and temperaturee6
- Outcome
- Panicle lengthe6
- Direction
- decreasede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e6“Panicle length was decreased by elevated CO2 and temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Panicle weight and grains per panicle of rice were higher under AC-AT and AC-ET than under ECET.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- AC-AT and AC-ETe7
- Outcome
- Panicle weight and no. of grains per paniclee7
- Direction
- highere7
- Comparator
- ECETe7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e7“Panicle weight and no. of grains per panicle were higher at AC-AT and AC-ET than at ECET”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain ripened ratio and grain weight of rice were not significantly affected by elevated CO2 and temperature.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 and temperaturee1
- Outcome
- Grain ripened ratio and weight of graine1
- Direction
- not significantly affectede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e1“Grain ripened ratio and weight of grain were not significantly affected by elevated CO2 and temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll and nitrogen content of rice were higher under AC-AT than under AC-ET and EC-ET.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- AC-ATe2
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll and nitrogen contente2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- AC-ET and EC-ETe2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e2“Chlorophyll and nitrogen content were higher at AC-AT than at AC-ET and EC-ET”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen content of rice was higher under AC-AT and AC-ET than under EC-ET.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- AC-AT and AC-ETe3
- Outcome
- Nitrogen contente3
- Direction
- highere3
- Comparator
- EC-ETe3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e3“Nitrogen content was higher at AC-AT and AC-ET than at EC-ET”
Claim · model-written summary
Carbon content of rice was not significantly affected by elevated CO2 and temperature.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- elevated CO2 and temperaturee4
- Outcome
- carbon contente4
- Direction
- not significantly affectede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e4“carbon content was not significantly affected by elevated CO2 and temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
C:N ratio of rice was higher under EC-ET than under AC-AT and AC-ET.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- EC-ETe5
- Outcome
- C:N ratioe5
- Direction
- highere5
- Comparator
- AC-AT and AC-ETe5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e5“C:N ratio was higher at EC-ET than at AC-AT and AC-ET”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth and yield of rice responded negatively to the global warming situation.
- Taxon
- Oryza sativa L.Oryza sativat0
- Material
- Junamt0
- Treatment
- global warming situatione6
- Outcome
- growth and yielde6
- Direction
- negative responsee6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Junam)”
e6“growth and yield of rice had negative response to global warming situation”
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