Abstract
Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the development and infection of B. bassiana on L. oratorius in rice + legume intercropping system. Field population of L. oratorius was significantly affected by B. bassiana application. Highest population at 7 DAS was recorded in the control treatment with 2.73 bugs per linear meter followed in the decreasing order of population number by 1 (1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha), dose 2 (1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha) and chemical insecticide (malathion, recommended rate) with 2.26; 1.39 and 1.15 bugs per linear meter. No significant differences were observed in field bug population as influenced by B. bassiana, 15 DAS. Population of L. oratorius as influenced by B. bassiana application at different rice-based cropping systems was not significant 7 DAS but significant at 15 DAS. Bug population was highest in untreated (control) monoculture rice with 3.48 bugs per linear meter. Lowest population of bugs in the field was observed in R+Bb and R+Pn+Mal treatment. Application of B. bassiana as myco-insecticide at the rate of 1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha regulated the population of L. oratorius in rice and did not influence the extent of damage caused by L. oratorius on rice grains. Intercropping system had less influence on the development and infection of B. bassiana against L. oratorius but enhanced the management of insect pests affecting upland rice including L. oratorius. Likewise, the influence of B. bassiana and that of B. bassiana x cropping systems interaction on the damage on grains caused by the bug were not significant. The results revealed that the use of B. bassiana as microbial insecticide against L. oratorius under upland rice environment did not give a significant protection against L. oratorius: instead intercropping rice with legumes lessened may have bug damage on rice grains.
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Claims 18
Claim · model-written summary
Beauveria application significantly affected field rice bug population.
- Taxon
- Rice
Oryza sativat0 - Treatment
- B. bassiana applicatione0
- Interactor
- L. oratoriuse0pest
- Second interactor
- B. bassiana
Beauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- Field population of L. oratoriuse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Field population of L. oratorius was significantly affected by B. bassiana application.”
t0“Upland Rice + Legume Cropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7 DAS the control had the highest field bug population, 2.73 per linear meter.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- control treatmente0
- Interactor
- bugsProsorrhynchae0pest
- Outcome
- Highest populatione0
- Direction
- Higheste0
- Value
- 2.73 bugs per linear metere0
- Qualifier
- 7 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest population at 7 DAS was recorded in the control treatment with 2.73 bugs per linear meter followed in the decreasing order of population number by 1 (1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha), dose 2 (1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha) and chemical insecticide (malathion, recommended rate) with 2.26; 1.39 and 1.15 bugs per linear meter.”
t0“Upland Rice + Legume Cropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7 DAS dose 1 had 2.26 bugs per linear meter.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- 1 (1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha)e0
- Outcome
- population numbere0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Value
- 2.26e0
- Qualifier
- 7 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest population at 7 DAS was recorded in the control treatment with 2.73 bugs per linear meter followed in the decreasing order of population number by 1 (1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha), dose 2 (1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha) and chemical insecticide (malathion, recommended rate) with 2.26; 1.39 and 1.15 bugs per linear meter.”
t0“Upland Rice + Legume Cropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7 DAS dose 2 had 1.39 bugs per linear meter.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- dose 2 (1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha)e0
- Outcome
- population numbere0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Value
- 1.39e0
- Qualifier
- 7 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest population at 7 DAS was recorded in the control treatment with 2.73 bugs per linear meter followed in the decreasing order of population number by 1 (1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha), dose 2 (1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha) and chemical insecticide (malathion, recommended rate) with 2.26; 1.39 and 1.15 bugs per linear meter.”
t0“Upland Rice + Legume Cropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
At 7 DAS malathion had 1.15 bugs per linear meter.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- chemical insecticide (malathion, recommended rate)e0
- Outcome
- population numbere0
- Direction
- decreasinge0
- Value
- 1.15 bugs per linear metere0
- Qualifier
- 7 DASe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Highest population at 7 DAS was recorded in the control treatment with 2.73 bugs per linear meter followed in the decreasing order of population number by 1 (1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha), dose 2 (1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha) and chemical insecticide (malathion, recommended rate) with 2.26; 1.39 and 1.15 bugs per linear meter.”
t0“Upland Rice + Legume Cropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
At 15 DAS Beauveria had no significant effect on bug population.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- B. bassianae0
- Outcome
- field bug populatione0
- Direction
- No significant differencese0
- Qualifier
- 15 DASe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“No significant differences were observed in field bug population as influenced by B. bassiana, 15 DAS.”
t0“Upland Rice + Legume Cropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping-system effects on rice bug population under Beauveria were not significant at 7 DAS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- different rice-based cropping systemse0
- Outcome
- Population of L. oratoriuse0
- Qualifier
- 7 DASe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Population of L. oratorius as influenced by B. bassiana application at different rice-based cropping systems was not significant 7 DAS but significant at 15 DAS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Cropping-system effects on rice bug population under Beauveria were significant at 15 DAS.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- different rice-based cropping systemse0
- Outcome
- Population of L. oratoriuse0
- Qualifier
- 15 DASe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Population of L. oratorius as influenced by B. bassiana application at different rice-based cropping systems was not significant 7 DAS but significant at 15 DAS.”
Claim · model-written summary
Untreated monoculture rice had the highest bug population, 3.48 per linear meter.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- untreated (control) monoculturee0
- Outcome
- Bug populatione0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Value
- 3.48 bugs per linear metere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Bug population was highest in untreated (control) monoculture rice with 3.48 bugs per linear meter.”
Claim · model-written summary
R+Bb had the lowest field bug population.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- R+Bbe0
- Outcome
- population of bugse0
- Direction
- Loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lowest population of bugs in the field was observed in R+Bb and R+Pn+Mal treatment.”
t0“Upland Rice + Legume Cropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
R+Pn+Mal had the lowest field bug population.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- R+Pn+Male0
- Outcome
- population of bugse0
- Direction
- Loweste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Lowest population of bugs in the field was observed in R+Bb and R+Pn+Mal treatment.”
t0“Upland Rice + Legume Cropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Beauveria application regulated rice bug population.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- B. bassiana as myco-insecticide at the rate of 1.0 x 10 P P conidia/hae0
- Interactor
- L. oratoriuse0pest
- Second interactor
- B. bassianaBeauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population of L. oratoriuse0
- Direction
- regulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of B. bassiana as myco-insecticide at the rate of 1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha regulated the population of L. oratorius in rice and did not influence the extent of damage caused by L. oratorius on rice grains.”
Claim · model-written summary
Beauveria application did not influence rice grain damage by the bug.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- B. bassiana as myco-insecticide at the rate of 1.0 x 10 P P conidia/hae0
- Interactor
- L. oratoriuse0pest
- Second interactor
- B. bassianaBeauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- extent of damage caused by L. oratorius on rice grainse0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Application of B. bassiana as myco-insecticide at the rate of 1.0 x 10 P P conidia/ha regulated the population of L. oratorius in rice and did not influence the extent of damage caused by L. oratorius on rice grains.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping had little influence on Beauveria development and infection against the rice bug.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Intercropping systeme0
- Interactor
- L. oratoriuse0pest
- Second interactor
- B. bassianaBeauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- development and infection of B. bassiana against L. oratoriuse0
- Direction
- less influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping system had less influence on the development and infection of B. bassiana against L. oratorius but enhanced the management of insect pests affecting upland rice including L. oratorius.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping enhanced insect pest management in upland rice.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- Intercropping systeme0
- Interactor
- L. oratoriuse0pest
- Outcome
- management of insect pests affecting upland rice including L. oratoriuse0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Intercropping system had less influence on the development and infection of B. bassiana against L. oratorius but enhanced the management of insect pests affecting upland rice including L. oratorius.”
Claim · model-written summary
The interaction of Beauveria and cropping system had no significant influence on grain damage by the bug.
- Taxon
- RiceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- B. bassiana x cropping systems interactione0
- Interactor
- buge0pest
- Second interactor
- B. bassianaBeauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- damage on grains caused by the buge0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Likewise, the influence of B. bassiana and that of B. bassiana x cropping systems interaction on the damage on grains caused by the bug were not significant.”
t0“Upland Rice + Legume Cropping Systems”
Claim · model-written summary
Beauveria did not significantly protect rice against the bug.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- B. bassiana as microbial insecticidee0
- Interactor
- L. oratoriuse0pest
- Second interactor
- B. bassianaBeauveria bassianae0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- protection against L. oratoriuse0
- Direction
- did not givee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the use of B. bassiana as microbial insecticide against L. oratorius under upland rice environment did not give a significant protection against L. oratorius: instead intercropping rice with legumes lessened may have bug damage on rice grains.”
Claim · model-written summary
Intercropping rice with legumes may have reduced bug damage on rice grains.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- intercropping rice with legumese0
- Outcome
- bug damage on rice grainse0
- Direction
- lessenede0
- Qualifier
- may havee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results revealed that the use of B. bassiana as microbial insecticide against L. oratorius under upland rice environment did not give a significant protection against L. oratorius: instead intercropping rice with legumes lessened may have bug damage on rice grains.”
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