Abstract
Field studies were conducted to evaluate the augmentative releases of egg parasitoids, Trichogramma chilonis in conjunction with pheromones to suppress the infestation of cotton bollworms. Studies revealed that integrated treatment of parasitoids in combination with pheromones, suppressed the bollworms infestation effectively. Separate treatment of pheromones or parasitoids was less effective, and required supplemental measures. The population of the parasitoids was low in the hot months of June and July; thereafter it gradually increased in the proceeding months. Maximum number of the parasitoids was observed in the month of October. The cotton bollworm management cost by the application of pheromones, PB/SB-ROPE in combination with the parasitoids was less than insecticide treatments.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Integrated parasitoid and pheromone treatment effectively suppressed cotton bollworm infestation compared with separate treatments.
- Taxon
- Cotton
Gossypium hirsutumt0 - Treatment
- integrated treatment of parasitoids in combination with pheromonese1
- Interactor
- bollworms
.jpg?width=60)
Helicoverpa zeae1pest - Second interactor
- Trichogramma chilonis
_Figure_2b.png?width=60)
Trichogramma chilonise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- bollworms infestatione1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Qualifier
- effectivelye1
- Comparator
- Separate treatment of pheromones or parasitoidse2
- Setting
- Fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
_Figure_2b.png?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“for the Management of Cotton Bollworms”
e0“Field studies were conducted to evaluate the augmentative releases of egg parasitoids, Trichogramma chilonis in conjunction with pheromones to suppress the infestation of cotton bollworms”
e1“Studies revealed that integrated treatment of parasitoids in combination with pheromones, suppressed the bollworms infestation effectively”
e2“Separate treatment of pheromones or parasitoids was less effective, and required supplemental measures”
Claim · model-written summary
Separate treatment of pheromones or parasitoids was less effective than the integrated treatment.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Treatment
- Separate treatment of pheromones or parasitoidse2
- Outcome
- less effectivee2
- Direction
- less effectivee2
- Qualifier
- required supplemental measurese2
- Comparator
- integrated treatment of parasitoids in combination with pheromonese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“for the Management of Cotton Bollworms”
e1“Studies revealed that integrated treatment of parasitoids in combination with pheromones, suppressed the bollworms infestation effectively”
e2“Separate treatment of pheromones or parasitoids was less effective, and required supplemental measures”
Claim · model-written summary
The population of parasitoids was low in June and July.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- parasitoidse3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population of the parasitoidse3
- Direction
- lowe3
- Qualifier
- in the hot months of June and Julye3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“for the Management of Cotton Bollworms”
e3“The population of the parasitoids was low in the hot months of June and July; thereafter it gradually increased in the proceeding months”
Claim · model-written summary
The population of parasitoids gradually increased in the months after July.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- parasitoidse3biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- population of the parasitoidse3
- Direction
- gradually increasede3
- Qualifier
- in the proceeding monthse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“for the Management of Cotton Bollworms”
e3“The population of the parasitoids was low in the hot months of June and July; thereafter it gradually increased in the proceeding months”
Claim · model-written summary
The maximum number of parasitoids was observed in October.
- Taxon
- CottonGossypium hirsutumt0
- Interactor
- parasitoidse4biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Maximum number of the parasitoidse4
- Direction
- Maximume4
- Qualifier
- in the month of Octobere4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“for the Management of Cotton Bollworms”
e4“Maximum number of the parasitoids was observed in the month of October”
Claim · model-written summary
Cotton bollworm management cost with pheromones and parasitoids was less than with insecticide treatments.
- Taxon
- cottonGossypium hirsutume5
- Treatment
- pheromones, PB/SB-ROPE in combination with the parasitoidse5
- Outcome
- cotton bollworm management coste5
- Direction
- less thane5
- Comparator
- insecticide treatmentse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“for the Management of Cotton Bollworms”
e5“The cotton bollworm management cost by the application of pheromones, PB/SB-ROPE in combination with the parasitoids was less than insecticide treatments”
The same questions in other papers
pheromone · Helicoverpa zea · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
pheromone · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction · 2 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- no effect
- no effect
2 papers more in this group
See all 6 papers →biocontrol · yield · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Positive and negative results
8 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- positive
6 papers more in this group
See all 10 papers →biocontrol · Helicoverpa zea · Gossypium hirsutum (cotton)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.